Download The Crusades

The Crusades
The Who, What, Where, When & Why
Getting Started
• What do you think of when you hear the
word Crusades?
– What events do you associate with them?
– What were their causes?
– Where did they happen?
• The goal is to be able to answer these in
detail 3 classes from now!
The Geography of Europe in 1095
What were the Crusades?
• Read the Handout Provided
• Be able to tell me what the Crusades were!
• The Crusades, a series of attempts to gain
Christian control of the Holy Land, had a
profound economic, political, and social
impact on the societies involved.
What were the causes?
• Read page 62 to 64
• Provide at least one, preferably two causes of the
Crusades.
• Pope Urban II:
– Tells the people that they are in danger of being taken over by the
Byzantines
– Calls all Christians to put aside their differences to fight against the
Turks
– Effectively calls men to arms under the slogan, “God Wills It!”
The Pope’s Message
• Read the section on page
63
• Tasks:
– Paraphrase the section
» Shorten it and put it in
your own words
– Was the Pope persuasive?
Why was he able to get so
many people to fight?
The Participants
• Why might so many people have taken
part in the Crusades, not only knights
and soldiers but also ordinary people and
even children?
The Crusades Continue
The Lead In…
•
European Christians launched series of religious wars
•
Goal to take Jerusalem, Holy Land, away from Muslims
•
Jerusalem was the site of the Holy Temple of Jews, also where Jesus crucified,
buried, was to come again
•
Vital to Christians to control city Jerusalem
•
Turkish Muslims took control of Persia, other lands, persecuted Christians
visiting region
•
Turks attacked Byzantine Empire, destroyed army, 1071
•
Emperor turned to Western Europe, Pope Urban II, for help
The First Crusade
• Crusaders in two groups, peasants and knights
• The Peasants
– Unskilled peasants answered Pope’s call
» Eager to fight non-Christians in Holy Land
» On the way attacked and slaughtered German Jews despite protests
» Fell to Seljuk Turkish army at Jerusalem
• The Knights
– Better trained in warfare than peasants, but unprepared for
hardship of journey
– Traveled three years
– Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders, disaster for city
The Next Seven Crusades
• After constant battles, each side would win
then lose
• There was a mutual peace/respect in the 3rd
Crusade, but then fighting restarted
• Fighting continued for hundreds of years
more
The Atrocities of War
• In war and battles there are many atrocities
• Read page 64 and answer questions #1, 2, 3
The Effects of the Crusades
• Social
– Some Europeans respected other cultures,
others intolerant
– Many viewed non-Christians as enemies,
persecuted Jews
– Holy Land Jews saw Crusaders as cruel
invaders
– Relations strained for centuries
The Effects of the Crusades
• Political
– Crusades led to deaths of many knights, nobles
– Lands left vulnerable
– Other ambitious nobles took control of
unoccupied lands
– Nobles then had more power, influence in
Europe
The Effects of the Crusades
• Economic
– Enhanced existing trade
– Returning Crusaders brought more goods,
spices, textiles, to Europe
– Caused a change to European economic
system/structure
The Long-Term Effects and
Consequences
• Read page 65 and answer #4a and 4b