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The Rise and Fall of the Roman Republic Chapter 4: Rise of the WelfareWarfare State By Dallin Hardy “Fortune began to grow cruel…. Hence the lust for power first, then for money, grew upon them; these were, I may say, the root of all evils. For greed destroyed honor, integrity, and all other noble qualities. Ambition drove many men to become false; to have one thought locked in the breast, another ready on the tongue; to value friendships and enmities not on their merits but by the standard of self-interest.” Sallust, Roman historian Tiberius and Caius Gracchus Brothers Called for Rome to Take land from private land owners To give to the landless poor Redistribution of Wealth “Agrarian Law” Tiberius Killed by a group of Senators 133 B.C. Caius Also killed 121 B.C. Class Warfare Internal Problems Disparity between Patricians Favored by Roman law regarding property rights Plebeians Slavery Heavy taxation Endless war Mob violence The Rise of Militarism Jugurthine War 112-105 B.C. Rome vs. Numidia Jugurtha King of Numidia Results Roman victory Caius Marius Roman Consul 107 B.C. Military general Recruited soldiers Promised land Loyal to Marius, not Rome Cimbrian War 113-103 B.C. Rome vs. Germanic tribes Cimbri Teutones Marius Roman general Disaster at Arausio 105 B.C. 110,000 Roman soldiers were killed Rome Rallied and defeated the Germanic tribes Victorious Roman Wars Bigger Bloodier More frequent Areas of conflict Germany North Africa Iberia