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The Rise and Fall of the Roman
Republic
Chapter 4: Rise of the WelfareWarfare State
By Dallin Hardy

“Fortune began to grow cruel….
Hence the lust for power first,
then for money, grew upon them;
these were, I may say, the root of
all evils. For greed destroyed
honor, integrity, and all other
noble qualities. Ambition drove
many men to become false; to
have one thought locked in the
breast, another ready on the
tongue; to value friendships and
enmities not on their merits but by
the standard of self-interest.”

Sallust, Roman historian

Tiberius and Caius
Gracchus


Brothers
Called for Rome to



Take land from private land
owners
To give to the landless poor
Redistribution of Wealth

“Agrarian Law”

Tiberius

Killed by a group of
Senators


133 B.C.
Caius

Also killed

121 B.C.
Class Warfare

Internal Problems

Disparity between
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Patricians
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Favored by Roman law
regarding property rights
Plebeians
Slavery
Heavy taxation
Endless war
Mob violence
The Rise of Militarism

Jugurthine War



112-105 B.C.
Rome vs. Numidia
Jugurtha
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King of Numidia
Results
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Roman victory

Caius Marius
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Roman Consul
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107 B.C.
Military general
Recruited soldiers


Promised land
Loyal to Marius, not Rome

Cimbrian War
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
113-103 B.C.
Rome vs. Germanic tribes



Cimbri
Teutones
Marius

Roman general

Disaster at Arausio



105 B.C.
110,000 Roman soldiers
were killed
Rome


Rallied and defeated the
Germanic tribes
Victorious

Roman Wars




Bigger
Bloodier
More frequent
Areas of conflict



Germany
North Africa
Iberia