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Objectives
 F.3.4.1. List the landforms that lava and
ash create.
 F.3.4.2. Explain how magma that
hardens beneath Earth’s surface creates
landforms.
 F.3.4.3. Analyze other distinct features
that occur in volcanic areas.
Landforms From Lava and Ash
Volcanic eruptions create landforms
made of lava, ash, and other
materials. These landforms include
shield volcanoes, cinder cone
volcanoes, composite volcanoes, and
lava plateaus.
Objective F.3.4.1.
Shield Volcanoes
 Quiet eruptions
gradually layer over time
to form gently sloping
mountains. What can we
infer about the magma in
Shield Volcanoes?
 Low Viscosity
 Low Silica
 High Temperature
Shield Volcanoes
Does This Look Familiar?
Hawaii
Cinder Cone Volcano
 Cinder cone volcanoes
are made from from
ash, cinders and bombs
during explosive
eruptions. The are
piled up and steep.
What can we infer
about magma that
produces cinder cones?
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
 High Viscosity
 High Silica Content
 Low Temperature
Cinder Cone Volcanoes
The Pinacate
Peaks in
Mexico are
examples of
Cinder Cone
Volcanoes.
Composite Volcanoes
 Composite volcanoes
alternate layers of quiet
lava flows and explosive
mass ejections. What can
we infer about their
magma.
 Medium Viscosity
 Medium silica content
 Medium temperature
Composite Volcanoes
Mt. Fuji, in
Japan, is a
composite
volcano.
Lava Plateaus
 Sometimes, instead of
forming mountains,
thin runny lava flows
out of several cracks
and flows for many
miles before cooling
and solidifying. These
flows pile up to form
large flat areas called
plateaus.
Caldera
 A caldera is the
huge hole left by
the final collapse of
a volcano. Which
type of volcano
would likely leave a
caldera?
 Extinct
Crater Lake, Utah
Volcanic Soil
Volcanic soil is very rich in nutrients
and minerals. Plants and crops grow
extremely well in volcanic soil. This
is why people are so willing to live in
the shadow of such a dangerous
thing like a volcano.
Landforms From Magma
Features formed by magma
include volcanic necks, dikes,
and sills, as well as batholiths
and dome mountains.

Objective F.3.4.2.
Volcanic Neck
 A volcanic neck
forms when the
softer rock wears
away from the
denser rock
exposing the
original lava tube.
Volcanic Dike
Volcanic dikes
are formed
when magma
forces its way
up across rock
layers
vertically.
Volcanic Sill
A volcanic sill
is magma that
has forced its
way out
between rock
layers
horizontally.
Batholith
 A batholith is a
large rock
formation that
occurs when a
large pocket of
magma cools
inside the crust.
Dome Mountains
 A dome mountain
forms when uplift
pushes a hardened
magma batholith
up into the crust
bending the layers
of rock above it to
bend into an arch.
Dome Mountain
Geothermal
Activity
Hot Springs and
geysers are types of
geothermal activity
that are often
present in places of
current and past
volcanic activity.
Yosemite National Park
Hotspring
Geyser
Geothermal Energy