Download Click here for the "Dynamic Earth Vocabulary"

Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ________
VOCABULARY TERMS
Topics: Volcanoes
#
1
Vocabulary Term
Volcano
2
Heat Source
3
Types of Volcanoes
Definition
A vent or hole where molten rock and other volcanic products have
erupted onto the surface. It’s the Earth’s natural way to cool and
release pressure.
A body of air or liquid from which heat is collected. Heat can also be
transferred from one object to another, or from one molecule to
another through the process of conduction.
Shield Volcano: They form from wide thin layers of lava that
eventually are shaped like a shield. This is the largest volcano by area.
(Example: Hawaiian Islands)
Composite Volcano: These volcanoes are also shaped like a cone, but
are formed from layers of lava over many years. They can grow into
huge mountains over 8,000 feet tall from their base. These volcanoes
generate the largest eruptions.
(Example: Mount St. Helens, Washington)
4
Ash
5
Magma
6
Lava
7
Natural Disaster
8
9
Pyroclastic
Extrusive Rock
10
Intrusive Rock
11
Volcanic Glass
12
Volcanic Arc
Cinder Cone Volcano: These are volcanoes formed from particles and
blobs of lava ejected from a single vent at the top. They generally don't
get taller than around 1,000 feet. They are mostly made of loose
pyroclastic material.
(Example: Sunset Crater)
Volcanic ash consists of fragments of pulverized rock created during
volcanic eruptions, less than 2 mm in diameter. Ash forms during
explosive eruptions.
When rock beneath the Earth's surface gets really hot, it becomes
molten or liquid. While it's still below the surface, it's called magma.
Once the magma erupts to the surface through a volcano, it's called
lava. The hotter and thinner the lava is, the farther it will flow. Lava
can be very hot, sometimes as hot as 1000 degrees C.
A major unfavorable event from natural process on Earth, resulting in
destruction and/or the relocation of people.
Loose rock and material like ash.
Extrusive igneous rocks are formed when lava cools and forms into
solid rock. This cooling is much faster. Extrusive igneous rocks have
small-grained crystals.
These rocks form when a pocket of magma slowly cools down enough
to form into solid rock. These rocks have LARGE crystals.
Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive
igneous rock. It cools extremely fast.
A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanoes positioned in an arc shape as
Name: ___________________________________________________________________ Date: _____________________ Period: ________
seen from above. Offshore volcanoes form islands, resulting in a
volcanic island arc. They form near subduction zones.
13
Ring of Fire
The Ring of Fire is a string of volcanoes and sites of seismic activity, or
earthquakes, around the edges of the Pacific Ocean. It is 40,000
kilometers long.
14
Hot Spot
When molten magma from deep within the Earth rises up through the
crust to reach the surface in the middle of tectonic plates. When a hot
spot forms in the middle of a plate, it remains constant, as the plate
continues to move over it. (Ex: Hawaii & Yellowstone)
15
Viscosity
How thick or “runny’ a fluid is (like lava).
16
Old Faithful Geyser
Old Faithful is a cone geyser located in Wyoming, in Yellowstone
National Park in the United States. It is also called the most
predictable geographical feature on Earth erupting almost every 91
minutes.
17
Types of Lava
Aa: SLOW; breaks easily, jumbled rock flows; very rough surface;
angular lobes, SHARP….
Pahoehoe: FAST flowing relative to other lava flows &“ropy” textured;
SMOOTH billowing folds…