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BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES
Biomolecules
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Large complex molecules in ___________________
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Formed from repeating ___________________
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Most biomolecules are formed from a ___________________ backbone
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Six most common elements in living organisms is
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CHONPS
o
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Carbon has ___________________ valence electrons
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It can bond with up to ___________________ other atoms
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Example ___________________ (Methane) Draw a molecule of methane:
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___________________ – single repeating subunit
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___________________ – many monomers bonded together
Carbohydrates
 Carbohydrates
 Small repeating subunit = ___________________
 Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
 ___________________ : ___________________ : ___________________
 1:2:1
 Monosaccharide
 Example: ___________________
 Disaccharide
 Examples: ___________________ ___________________
 Storage Polysaccharide
 Examples: ___________________ ___________________
 Structural Polysaccharide
 Examples: ___________________ ___________________
 Function of Carbohydrates
 ___________________
BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES
 ___________________ ___________________
 ___________________ ___________________
Lipids
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A fat molecule that has similar properties
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Examples:
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___________________ ___________________ ___________________
___________________ ___________________
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Repeating subunit = ___________________
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Long chains of carbon bonded to ___________________ with ___________________
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___________________ water
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Saturated Fats (draw one)
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Unsaturated fats (draw one)
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Function of Lipids
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___________________ ___________________
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___________________ ___________________
Proteins
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Repeating subunits = amino acids
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Only 20 different amino acids
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Each amino acid has a different R group or variable group
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Long chains of amino acids that twist and fold
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Made of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur
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Function of Proteins
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___________________ ___________________
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___________________ ___________________
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___________________ ___________________ (___________________ )
Primary Structure
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____________________________________
BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES
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Secondary Structure
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Tertiary Structure
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____________________________________
____________________________________
Quaternary Structure
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____________________________________
Nucleic Acids
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Repeating subunit – nucleotides
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Nucleotide (made of THREE pieces)
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SUGAR
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BASE
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PHOSPHATE
BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES
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Draw a nucleotide:
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DNA – DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
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Sugar = deoxyribose
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String of nucleotides made of deoxyribose
RNA – RiboNucleic Acid
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Sugar = Ribose
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String of nucleotides made of ribose
Function of Nucleic Acids
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___________________ and ___________________ genetic information
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___________________ of DNA depends on the ___________________
ATP
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___________________ ___________________
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_____ phosphate groups
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By breaking off the 3rd phosphate group ___________________ is ___________________
Draw an ATP:
BIOLOGY NOTES – 1C BIOMOLECULES
Vocabulary
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Biomolecule – large molecule found in living organisms that consists of repeating subunit. typically
consists of a carbon backbone
Monomer – single repeating subunit
Polymer – many monomers bonded together
Saturated fat – a lipid that is completely saturated in hydrogen atoms – no double bonds between
carbons
Unsaturated fat – a lipid that is NOT completely saturated in hydrogens – one or more double bonds
are present in the long carbon backbones
Tertiary – 3
Quaternary – 4
Deoxyribose – sugar found in DNA
Ribose – sugar found in RNA