Download Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.

Los Angeles Academy of Figurative Art
Kaan Yücel M.D., Ph.D.
10.January.2014 Friday
inferoposterior to the abdomen
transition between the trunk
and the lower limbs
L. Basin
Right hip bone
Sacrum
Coccyx
Left hip bone
A ring of 3 bones
connects the vertebral column to the two femora
Right and left hip bones
coxal bones; pelvic bones
Sacru
m
Bear the weight of the upper body
Transfer that weight lower appendicular skeleton
Provide attachment for muscles of locomotion,posture & abdominal wall
strong and rigid
Contain and protect the pelvic viscera
Provide support for the abdominopelvic viscera and gravid (pregnant) uterus
Provide attachment for the erectile bodies of the external genitalia.
Provide attachment for the muscles and membranes
Superior, fan-shaped part of the hip bone
Ala, or wing, of the ilium spread of the fan
Body of the ilium, the handle of the fan.
On its external aspect, the body participates in formation of the
acetabulum.
Gluteal surface
down the iliac crest
from the lateral margin of the iliac crest arches inferiorly across the ilium
vertically from the iliac crest to a position near the posterior inferior iliac spine
originates superior to the AIIS and ends near the posterior margin of the acetabulum.
an angulated bone
Superior ramus helps form the acetabulum
Inferior ramus helps form the obturator foramen.
Pubic crest thickening on the anterior part of the body
Pubic tubercle Pubic crest ends laterally as a prominent swelling
Pecten pubis Oblique ridge@ lateral part of superior pubic ramus
Distinct features of the pelvic bone
acetabulum
obturator foramen/canal
greater sciatic notch
lesser sciatic notch
Greater (false) pelvis
Lesser (true) pelvis
by the oblique plane of the pelvic inlet (superior pelvic aperture).
The bony edge (rim) surrounding and defining the pelvic inlet
Formed by:
 Promontory and ala of the sacrum
 A right and left linea terminalis (terminal line)
formed by
ischiopubic rami
inferior rami of the pubis + ischium of the 2 sides.
Meet @ pubic symphysis its inferior border -subpubic angle
The width of the subpubic angle is determined by the distance between the right and the
left ischial tuberosities, which can be measured with the gloved fingers in the vagina
during a pelvic examination.
Pelvic outlet (inferior pelvic aperture)
bounded by:
 pubic arch anteriorly
 ischial tuberosities laterally
 sacrotuberous and sacrospinous ligaments posterolaterally
 tip of the coccyx posteriorly
iliopubic eminence (iliopectineal eminence)
a raised area below he anterior inferior iliac spine
marks the point of union of the ilium and pubis.
constitutes a lateral border of the pelvic inlet.
Circular opening between abdominal cavity & pelvic cavity
Formed
Anteriorly by pubic symphysis
Posteriorly by sacrum (promontory in the middle)
Laterally by iliopectineal line
Part of the pelvis superior to the pelvic inlet
bounded by
iliac alae posterolaterally
anterosuperior aspect of the S1 posteriorly
Occupied by abdominal viscera ileum and sigmoid colon.
between pelvic inlet & pelvic outlet
bounded by pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx.
includes true pelvic cavity & deep parts of the perineum.
Major obstetrical and gynecological significance.
The blue line in this 3-D volume
rendered CT image (above)
represents the linea terminales that
separates the false pelvis, which is
above it from the true pelvis below it.
The false pelvis consists of the iliac
wings and has no anterior wall. The
pubis bones, sacrum and coccyx,
and both ischium bones delimit the
false pelvis.
Linea terminalis
arcuate line + pecten pubis+ pubic crest
Arcuate line of the ilium
smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium.
immediately inferior to the iliac fossa.
Forms part of the border of the pelvic inlet.
Joints and Ligaments of Pelvic Girdle
The primary joints
Sacroiliac joints & pubic symphysis
Sacroiliac joints link axial skeleton & inferior appendicular skeleton.
Lumbosacral & sacrococcygeal joints, although joints of the axial skeleton, are directly related to the
pelvic girdle. Strong ligaments support and strengthen these joints.
Strong, weight-bearing compound joints
An anterior synovial joint
between the earshaped auricular surfaces of the sacrum & ilium
A posterior syndesmosis
between the tuberosities of the same bones
Differ from most synovial joints
limited mobility is allowed, a consequenceof theirrole in transmittingthe weightof mostof the body to the hip bones.
Weight from the axial skeleton:
Sacroiliac ligaments
ilia
Femurs –during standingIschial tuberosities –during sitting-
Sacrum is actually suspended between the iliac bones
Firmly attached to iliac bones by posterior and interosseous
sacroiliac ligaments.
Anterior sacroiliac ligaments
Anterior part of the fibrous capsule of the synovial part of the joint.
Interosseous sacroiliac ligaments
Lie deep between the tuberosities of the sacrum and ilium.
Primary structures involved in transferring the weight.
Posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Posterior external continuation of the same mass of fibrous tissue.
Formed by posterior sacroiliac ligaments
Passes from posterior ilium, lateral sacrum & coccyx to ischial tuberosity
Transforms the sciatic notch of the hip bone into a large sciatic foramen.
Sacrospinous ligament
from lateral sacrum & coccyx to ischial spine
subdivides sciatic foramen into
greater and lesser sciatic foramina.
Most of the time, movement at the sacroiliac joint is limited by interlocking of
the articulating bones and the sacroiliac ligaments.
By allowing only slight upward movement of the inferior end of the
sacrum relative to the hip bones, resilience is provided to the sacroiliac
region when the vertebral column sustains sudden increases in force or
weight.
Secondary cartilaginous joint
A fibrocartilaginous interpubic disc & surrounding ligaments uniting
the bodies of the pubic bones in the median plane.
Interpubic disc wider in women.
Superior & inferior pubic ligaments
superior & inferior margins of the symphysis
Superior pubic ligament
connects the superior aspects of the pubic bodies and interpubic disc.
Inferior (arcuate) pubic ligament
connect the inferior aspects of the joint components
round off the subpubic angle as it forms the apex of the pubic arch.
L5 & S1 articulate
Anterior intervertebral (IV) joint formed by L5/S1 IV disc
between their bodies
&
2 posterior zygapophysial joints (facet joints)
between the articular processes of these vertebrae
Fan-like iliolumbar ligaments
radiate from the transverse processes of the L5 vertebra to the ilia.
Secondary cartilaginous joint with an intervertebral disc.
Fibrocartilage & ligaments join apex of the sacrum base of coccyx.
Anterior & posterior sacrococcygeal ligaments
long strands that reinforce the joint.