Download Drugs and Toxins flashcards

Drugs and Toxins
What is flaccid paralysis?
When the muscle cannot contract at all. The muscle stays
weak and floppy.
What is spastic paralysis?
When the muscle stays in contraction. You still cannot
move the muscle properly, but in this case, the muscle is
too rigid.
Name three sodium VGC blockers. Do they cause flaccid or
spastic paralysis?
Lidocaine
Tetrodotoxin
Saxitoxin
They all cause flaccid paralysis
Saxitoxin
Tetrodotoxin
Lidocaine
No
Which one is from shellfish toxins?
Which one is from a puffer fish?
Which one is a local anesthetic?
Can you get an action potential if a sodium VGC blocker is
present?
What type of paralysis is caused by a sodium VGC blocker?
Name one vesicle blocker
What is botulism, and where does it come from?
Where might botulism be found in your house?
What symptom does botulism cause, and what is the cause
of death?
What are two medicinal uses for botulism toxin?
Name 2 muscarinic Ach blocker/competitors
What kind of paralysis does it cause?
What types of muscles can atropine effect?
Do muscarinic Ach blockers affect the sympathetic system,
parasympathetic system or both? Do they activate that
system or block it?
What effect on the intestines will a muscarinic Ach blocker
have?
What is a medicinal use for atropine?
What type of muscle is the iris made of?
If you block Ach, what happens to the pupil?
What group of illegal drugs stimulates muscarinic Ach
receptors? What effect does it have?
What edible substance stimulates muscarinic Ach
receptors? What effect does it have?
Name a nicotinic Ach blocker/competitor.
Where does it come from?
What type of paralysis does it cause?
How does it cause death?
Why can a person eat the meat of an animal that was
killed by curare?
Where are nicotinic Ach receptors found in the body?
Flaccid
Botulism
It is a protease (an enzyme that breaks down proteins). It
is from a bacterium
Undercooked turkey and dented cans of food.
Inhibits ACh neurotransmitter release; muscles can’t
contract; flaccid paralysis. Cause of death is from
suffocation because the diaphragm is paralyzed.
Botox injections and migraines.
Atropine and opium derivatives
Flaccid paralysis
Smooth muscle, heart, and glands.
They block the parasympathetic nervous system so the
sympathetic gets more control.
Flaccid paralysis of the intestines
If the heart has slowed down too much or stopped, inject
atropine to block the mACh receptors in the heart, and
heart rate increases.
smooth
The iris relaxes, opening the pupil, so it is dilated.
Chemical warfare drugs.
Causes parasympathetic system to increase activity.
Person has gut motility, diarrhea, sweat, salivation.
Some poisonous mushrooms. It can kill you.
Curare; comes from tree sap
Flaccid
Paralyzes diaphragm
The enzymes in the GI system deactivate it.
Skeletal muscle
What effect does curare have on action potentials?
Name 2 reversible acetylcholine esterase blockers
What type of paralysis do they cause?
What are the medicinal uses for these drugs?
What is myasthenia gravis?
What is ptosis?
What receptors are attacked and destroyed by the
immune system of a person with myasthenia gravis?
What is the treatment for myasthenia gravis?
What is the effect of a medicine that inhibits acetylcholine
esterase (Ach-ase)?
Too much of an Ach-ase inhibitor will cause what type of
paralysis?
Is Neostigmine reversible? What is the consequence of
that?
Name 2 irreversible Ach-ase inhibitors
What happens to an insect when an insecticide is used?
How does curare differ from insecticides?
What is the main difference between insecticides/sarin gas
and neostigmine/physostigmine?
What is the treatment for a person exposed to sarin gas?
Name one inhibitory neuron blocker
What does it do?
It blocks sodium channels so the action potential is blocked
and the muscle cannot contract.
Neostigmine and Physostigmine
Spastic paralysis
They are used to treat myasthenia gravis.
An autoimmune disease that causes ptosis.
droopy eyelids
Nicotinic Ach receptors are destroysed.. It usually just
affects some of the receptors, beginning in the eyelid
muscles, then progressing down the face.
A medicine that inhibits acetylcholine esterase (Ach-ase)
The acetylcholine will be released but not all of it will be
degraded so the muscles can keep contracting for longer.
Spastic
Yes, so you need to keep taking it daily. That is what makes
it useful as a medicine.
Insecticides and sarin gas
Ach accumulates and acts as a constant stimulus. The
muscles go into spastic paralysis and the insect suffocates.
Insecticides allow excess Ach to accumulate and cause
spastic paralysis. Curare blocks the Ach receptors, causing
flaccid paralysis.
insecticides/sarin gas are irreversible Ach-as inhibitors.
Neostigmine/physostigmine are reversible Ach-as
inhibitors.
They need to be on a ventilator and pressure chambers for
a few weeks.
Tetanus toxin
Blocks release of inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA and
glycine)
What type of paralysis does tetanus toxin cause?
What is the treatment for tetanus toxin?
What effect does Black Widow spider venom have?
What effect does Brazilian Wandering Spider (banana
spider) spider venom have?
Spastic
An Ach-ase blocker like curare or atropine.
Causes Ach release; spastic paralysis
It has a lot of nitrous oxide and it blocks the degradation of
nitrous oxide. It acts like tetanus toxin, causing spastic
paralysis.
What is the most venomous of all spiders, causing the
most human deaths?
Brazilian Wandering Spider (banana spider)
What is a medicinal use for the venom of the Brazilian
Wandering Spider (banana spider)?
It causes penile erection, so is used in Viagra.