Download immune 5 - Hicksville Public Schools

Aim: How can the immune
system malfunction?
How can your immune system
malfunction?
1. Allergies
2. Asthma
3. Autoimmune
Disease
4. Organ
Transplants
What is an allergy?
• An allergy is a rapid
immune system reaction
to environmental
substances that are
normally harmless.
• Can you think of
materials that can
cause allergic
reactions?
What are things that cause allergies?
BEE POLLEN
HOUSE DUST
Allergens
RAGWEED
MOLD
Allergic reactions
• Inflammatory response:
allergen attaches to WBC
which release histamines.
• Histamines are chemicals
that trigger an
inflammatory response
(capillaries swell)
• Hives, nausea, or shock
• What can we take for
allergies?
Antihistamines
Asthma is an allergic reaction
• Allergic reaction
that causes your
respiratory
ducts to swell up.
Allergies
Autoimmune disease
The immune system
fails to distinguish
between self & non-self.
The word "auto" is the Greek word for self.
In an autoimmune disease, the immune
system mistakenly attacks itself, targeting
the cells, tissues, and organs of a person's
own body (self).
Examples of Autoimmune diseases
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)the immune system attacks
the protective coating
around nerves, called
myelin.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Joints swell
Pain
Stiffness
Deformity
Why are organ transplants difficult?
• This is a kidney being
removed from a donor
• The donor will have its
own ID tags on the cell
membrane. What are
these ID tags called?
Antigens
This makes the transplant into another person so difficult.
*Don’t you have these same structures on your cells?
YES
___________
*What will your body do if the antigens aren’t the same as
Attack it as if it was a pathogen.
your own? ___________________________________
Immune = rejection
*What type of a response is this?__________________
How will the recipient react?
• A transplanted organ is recognized as
foreign and is attacked by the immune
system (REJECTION).
• The chance of REJECTION is less when
the donor and recipient are closely related
or when anti-rejection medication is used.
Why take an immunosuppressant?
It will suppress your immune
system and reduce the chance
of destroying the transplanted
organ.
What is the risk of suppressing
the immune system?
It increases the patient’s risk
for an infection.