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The Elements Oxygen, Uranium, and Mercury Jennie Le 2/4/2013 Sci.-1 Complete name of the element: oxygen How name was derived: from the Greek words ‘oxy’ (acid) and ‘gen’ (origin of)-oxygen is the origin of acid Symbol of the element: O Atomic number of the element: 8 Atomic mass of the element: 16 Natural state of the element: gas Structure of the element: 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons Valences of the element: 16, 2 Characteristic properties: Oxygen is a tasteless, odorless, colorless gas. Its melting point is at -218.4 oC and its boiling point is at -183 oC. Oxygen dissolves more readily in cold water than warm water. Liquid and solid oxygen are pale blue and are strongly paramagnetic. Occurrence: Oxygen is by far the most abundant of all the elements. It constitutes 21% of the atmosphere. It’s also found in water, in most rocks and minerals, and in numerous organic compounds. Oxygen comprises about 87% by weight of the oceans as water. Uses: The major commercial use of oxygen is in steel production. Oxygen is used in oxyacetylene welding, as an oxidant for rocket fuel, and in methanol and ethylene oxide production. Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration. Pure oxygen is frequently used to help breathing in patients with respiratory ailments. We can’t live without oxygen. It’s essential to life. 46% of Earth’s crust is oxygen and 61% of a human is oxygen. Drawing: http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/o.html Complete name of the element: uranium How name was derived: named after the planet Uranus Symbol of the element: U Atomic number of the element: 92 Atomic mass of the element: 238 Natural state of the element: solid Structure of the element: 92 protons, 146 neutrons, and 92 electrons Valences of the element: 6, 7 Characteristic properties: Melting Point: 1132.0 °C Boiling Point: 3818.0 °C. Uranium is a silvery white, weakly radioactive metal, which is harder than most elements. It is malleable, ductile, slightly paramagnetic, strongly electropositive and is a poor electrical conductor. Uranium metal has very high density, being approximately 70% denser than lead, but slightly less dense than gold. Occurrence: Uranium is a naturally occurring element that can be found in low levels within all rock, soil, and water. Uranium is the 51st element in order of abundance in the Earth's crust. Uranium is also the highestnumbered element to be found naturally in significant quantities on Earth. Uses: nuclear fuels, nuclear weapons, gyroscopic compasses, ceramic glazes, colored glass, x-rays Drawing: http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/u.html Complete name of the element: mercury How name was derived: named after the planet Mercury that was named after the Roman god of travel Symbol of the element: Hg Atomic number of the element: 80 Atomic mass of the element: 201 Natural state of the element: solid Structure of the element: 80 protons, 121 neutrons, and 80 electrons Valences of the element: 12, 6 Characteristic properties: Melting Point: -38.83 °C Boiling Point: 356.73 °C. Mercury is a dense, silvery-white, poisonous metal with a mirror-like appearance. It is the only common metal that is liquid at room temperature. Mercury evaporates slowly at room temperature. Occurrence: Mercury is an extremely rare element in the Earth's crust, having an average crustal abundance by mass of only 0.08 parts per million. However, because it does not blend geochemically with those elements that constitute the majority of the crustal mass, mercury ores can be extraordinarily concentrated considering the element's abundance in ordinary rock. Uses: Mercury is used in barometers and manometers (instruments for measuring the pressure of gases and liquids), because of its high density. Drawing: http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/hg.html Works Cited "Oxygen Element Facts." Chemicool. N.p., 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. http://www.chemicool.com/elements/oxygen.html "Uranium Element Facts." Chemicool. N.p., 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. http://www.chemicool.com/elements/uranium.html "Mercury Element Facts." Chemicool. N.p., 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. http://www.chemicool.com/elements/mercury.html "Uranium." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 Feb. 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranium "Mercury (element)." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 02 Mar. 2013. Web. 03 Feb. 2013. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)