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CHAPTER 4:
1570 B.C. – 200 B.C.
Torrie Bell
March 6, 2009
BLK: 3rd
ADV. US HISTORY
Dr. LineBarger
Egyptian
&
Nubian
Empires
Main Idea: Two Empires along the Nile River,
Egypt and Nubian, forged commercial, cultural,
and political connections.
Key Terms:
•Hyksos
•New Kingdom
•Hatshepsut
•Thutmose III
•Nubia
•Ramses II
•Kush
•Piankhi
•Meroe
Egyptian Civilization developed along the Nile River and united into a
Kingdom around 3100 B.C. A major Kingdom , known as the Nubian
Kingdom, arose less than 600 miles south of the Egyptian city, Thebes. For
Centuries, Nubia traded with Egypt and influenced each other culturally.
The Egyptian and Nubian Empires
Nomadic Invaders Over Egypt
Extra!
Egypt descended into War and Violence because of weak
pharaohs and power struggles among rival nobles. It was
because of this, Egypt fell to Invaders.
It fell to Asiatic Invaders, called Hyksos, who ruled Egypt
from about 1640 to 1570 B.C.
Egyptians resented Hyksos, but they had no power to
remove them.
Opinion
FACT:
:
During Hyksos rule, some Historians believe that another Asiatic
group, the Hebrews, settled in Egypt. Historians also believe that
the Hyksos encouraged the Hebrews to settle there because the
two groups were racially similar.
According to the Bible, Abraham and his family first crossed the
Euphrates River and came to Canaan around 1800 B.C., then
Around 1650B.C., descendants of Abraham moved again- this
time to Egypt.
Around 1600 B.C., series of warlike rulers began to restore Egypt's power.
• Queen Ahhotep, took over when her husband was killed
• Kamose, won great victory over Hyksos
These Pharoahs drove out all the Hyksos.
http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories
http://wysinger.homestead.com/kamose99.jpg
FACT:
According to Biblical Scholars, the Hebrews remained
In Egypt and were enslaved and were forced into hard
labor.
After overthrowing the Hyksos, the
pharaohs of the New Kingdom, about
1570-1075 B.C., sought to strengthen
Egypt by building an empire.
Egypt entered its third
Period of glory during
This time, it was wealthier
And more powerful than
Than ever before.
An Empire brings together
Several peoples or states
Under the control of one
Ruler.
Egyptians became conquerors
with bronze weapons and
two-wheel chariots.
Pharaohs of the 18th Dynasty[15701365 B.C.,] set up an army including
archers, charioteers, and infantry, or
foot soldiers.
Pharaoh Hatshepsut
- Declared herself Pharaoh
around 1472 B.C.
- She took over because her
stepson, the male heir to the
throne, was a young child at
the time.
Hatshepsut spent her reign
encouraging trade rather than
just waging war.
Hatshepsut’s stepson, Thutmose III,
She was an excellent ruler of
proved to be more warlike ruler.
outstanding achievement who
Historians believe he may have
made Egypt more prosperous.
even murdered Hatshepsut.
He Led a number of invasions
eastward into Palestine and Syria.
He died in 1425 B.C.
Ramses II
• Ramses, 1290 to 1224 B.C., made a peace
treaty with the Hittite King that
promised “ peace and brotherhood
between us forever.’’, which lasted for
the rest of the century.
• He stood out among the great builders
of the new Kingdom .
Oh
No!!
The Empire slowly started to decline
after 1200 B.C. as other strong
civilizations rose to challenge Egypt's
power. After Ramses died, waves of
invasions came.
After the Invasions, Egypt never
recovered its previous power, and
broke apart into Regional units.
For Centuries, Egypt dominated Nubia and the
Nubian Kingdom of Kush, which lasted 2000 to 1000
B.C., as Egypt fell into decline, Kush began to
emerge as a regional power.
With Egypt’s decline in 1200 B.C., Kush regained its
Nubia, a region of independence. In 751 B.C., a Kushite King named
Africa straddled Piankhi, overthrew the Libyan Dynasty that had ruled
the upper Nile
Egypt for 200 years. Piankhi united the entire Nile Valley
River. It laid
and his descendants became the 25th Dynasty.
South of Egypt.
Unfortunately, this Dynasty was short lived. In 671 B.C.,
There were
the Assyrians, a warlike people from southwest Asia,
several Nubian
conquered Egypt.
Kingdoms,
After the defeat, the Kushite family
including Kush,
moved south to Meroë. Meroë laid
which served as
closer to the Red Sea and became active
a trade corridor.
in trade among Africa, and Arabia. It
also became a major center for the
manufacture of iron weapons and tools.
Meroë started to decline in A.D. 150 and
another Kingdom, Askum, came in.
The Assyrian Empire
Main Idea:
Assyria developed a
military machine
and established a
well-organized
administration.
Terms & Names:
Assyria
Sennacherib
Nineveh
Ashurbanipal
Medes
Chaldeans
Nebuchadnezzar
The Assyrian Army advanced
across Southwest Asia for more
than 2 centuries. They scared many
foes because of their military
strength.
Assyria- a southwest Asian
Kingdom that controlled a
large empire from about 850
to 612 B.C.
Assyrians came from
The northern part of
Mesopotamia. Their
Flat, exposed land,
Made it easy to invade.
This is how The Assyrians
Assyria acquired a large
Developed their warlike
empire by having a
Attitude because they were
highly advanced military
Defeated so many times.
organization and state
One of the Assyrian
of the art weaponry
Kings Sennacherib
bragged that he had
destroyed 89 cities
The Assyrian system of having local governors
and 820 villages,
report to a central authority became the
burned Babylon, and
fundamental model of administration, or system
ordered most of its
of government management
inhabitants killed.
The empire expanded between
850 and 650 B.C., the Assyrians
ruled lands that extended far
beyond the fertile crescent into
Anatolia and Egypt.
Assyria glorified
Military strength.
They killed and
enslaved their
victims.
King Ashurbanipal collected more than
20,000 Clay tablets from the
Fertile Crescent. Proved
To be one of the last mighty Assyrian Kings
Nineveh- Assyria’s capital.
Babylon became center
of a new empire More
than 1,000 years after
Hammurabi ruled there.
Assyrian power had spread itself
Too thin and their cruelty
Had earned them many enemies
And after Ashurbanipal’s death
Nineveh fell.
In 612 B.C., a combined Army of
Medes and Chaldean, southwest
Asian people who helped to destroy
The Assyrian Empire, burned
And leveled Nineveh.
After Defeating the Assyrians, the
Chaldeans made Babylon the center
Of their new empire.
Chaldean King,
•
• King Nebuchadnezzar,
restored the city .
The Most Impressive part of the
restoration was the Hanging
Gardens.
According to legend, one of
Nebuchadnezzar's wives
missed the flowering shrubs of
her mountain homeland. To
please her, he had fragrant
trees and shrubs that were 75
feet above Babylon’s flat, dry
plain.
The Hanging Gardens of Babylon
(also known as Hanging Gardens of
Semiramis) and the walls of
Babylon (near present-day Al
Hillah in Iraq) are considered one
of the original Seven Wonders of
the World. They were built by
Nebuchadnezzar II around 600
BCE. He is reported to have
constructed the gardens to please
his wife, Amytis of Media, who
longed for the trees and fragrant
plants of her homeland. They were
destroyed in an earthquake after
the 1st century BCE.
• Through the ages, the location may
have been confused with gardens
that existed at Nineveh, whose king
at the time was Nimrod, since
tablets from there clearly show
gardens. Writings on these tablets
describe the possible use of
something similar to an
Archimedes' screw as a process of
raising the water to the required
height. www.history.howstuffworks.c
om
Main Idea:
Key Terms:
By Governing with Tolerance
and wisdom, the Persians
established a well-ordered
empire that lasted for 200 years.
Cyrus
Cambyses
Darius
Satrap
Royal Road
Zoroaster
The Persian
Empire
The Medes, along with the Chaldeans, helped to overthrow the
Assyrian Empire in 612 B.C. The Medes marched to Nineveh
from their homeland in the area of present-day northern Iran,
while the Medes’ close neighbor to the south, Persia, began to
expand its horizons and territorial ambitions
Persians based their empire on tolerance and diplomacy. Like Assyrians they relied
on a strong military to back up their policies. Before 550 B.C., the world paid very
little attention to the Persians, In that year Persia’s King, Cyrus, began to conquer
several neighboring kingdoms. Cyrus was a military Genius. He even controlled an
empire that expanded 2,000 miles, from the Indus River in the east to Anatolia in the
West. Despite His rough military ways, he was indeed a very nice and generous
person. Cyrus was killed as he fought Nomadic Invaders on the Eastern border of
his empire, which was in 530 B.C.
His son Cambyses expanded the
Persian empire by conquering
Egypt. But instead of following his
father’s religion, he scorned the
Egyptian religion. He burned the
idols of Egyptian religion, and after
his eight years of ruling, he died.
Cambyses successor, Darius, a noble of the ruling dynasty, had begun his career as
a member of the King’s bodyguard. He took the throne 522 B.C., and brought back
peace and stability back to the empire into 20 provinces. In each province, Darius
gave a governor, called a satrap, who ruled locally, while Darius still had absolute
power of all provinces. He also set up the Royal Road, which was an excellent
system of roads allowed Darius to communicate quickly with the most distant parts
of the empire. It ran from Susa in Persia to Sardis in Anatolia, with the distance of
1677 miles.
Zoroaster taught the
Earth was a
Battleground
Where a great struggle
Is fought between the
Spirit of good and
The spirit of evil.
Zoroastrian religion teaches a belief in
One god, Ahura Mazda, and at the end
Of time, Ahura Mazda will judge
Everyone according to how well he or she
Fought the battle for good.
Terms and Names:
Confucius
I Ching
Filial
Piety
Yin & Yang Bureaucracy
Qin Dynasty Daoism
Shi Huangdi
Legalism
Autocracy
The social confusion of the
Warring States contributed to
the development of 3 Chinese
principled systems.
The Zhou Dynasty lasted approximately 1027 to 256
B.C. The Fall of this Dynasty was because of the
Warring states period. After this, China moved away
from its ancient values .Chinese scholars and
philosophers developed different solutions to restore
these values. Then arose the Qin Dynasty.
Confucius was born
in 551 B.C., and
lived in a time
when the Zhou
Dynasty was in
decline.
www.history4kids.org
3 of Confucius’ five
Confucius believed
relationships were based
that social order,
on family. He stressed that
harmony, and good
children should practice
government could
filial piety, which is
be restored, if
respect for their parents,
society were
or elders.
organized around
five basic
relationships:
That Filial Piety meant
1. Ruler & Subject
Devoting oneself to one’s
Parents during their
2. Father & Son
lifetimes
3. Husband & Wife
It also required honoring
Their memories
4. Older Brother &
After death through rituals.
Younger Brother
5. Friend & Friend
His Students Collected his
teachings in a book called the
Analects.
Laozi was a Chinese
thinker who may have
lived during the sixth
century B.C., He believed
that only natural order
was important.
The Natural Order
involving relations
among all living things.
He also believed that a
universal force called the
Dao guided all things.[
pg.105]
The Philosophy of Laozi
came to be known as
Daoism.
People with little
interests in the
philosophical debates
of the Confucius,
Daoists, and Legalists
found their answers
elsewhere.
Legalism- Is a highly
efficient and powerful
government.
I Ching- Also known as Yi
Jing, is a book of oracles to
solve ethical or practical
problems.
www.fengshuistyle.com
Yin & Yang- Were two
powers that together
represented the natural
rhythms of life.
In third century B.C., The Qin Dynasty replaced the Zhou Dynasty. The first
emperors name was Shi Huangdi, he was a cruel man, who established an
autocracy, after becoming the first emperor. AutocracyA government that has unlimited power and uses
it in an illogical manner.
The Great Wall of China
The Qin Dynasty only lasted a
short time. Peasants rebelled
after Shi Huangdi’s son took
the throne and by 202 B.C.,
Qin became the Han Dynasty,
which was the longest
dynasty in Chinese history.
was built over 2,000
years ago, by Qin Shi
Huangdi. In Chinese the
wall is called "Wan-Li
Qang-Qeng" which
means 10,000-Li Long
Wall (10,000 Li = about
5,000 km).
Armies were stationed
along the wall as a first
line of defense. Signal
fires from the Wall
provided early warning
of an attack.
It is constructed of
Well Just a Few Little Questions,, Then it will be over!
Section 1:
How Did The New Kingdom of Egypt become so Powerful and Wealthy?
Section 2:
Why Did the Assyrians develop into a great military power? Why did their Power
Decline?
Section 3:
What did the Persians base their empire on? And What did Zoroaster Teach?
Section 4:
What Did Confucius Believe? And What were The Five Basic Relationships?
Done By: Torrie Bell