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FIRST AGE OF EMPIRES CHAPTER 4 (P. 86-111) EGYPT • Pharaohs set up a professional army • Invaded territories in Africa & Southwest Asia • Drew vast wealth from the lands it controlled NUBIA • Interacted with Egypt • Spread culture through trade • Conquered Egypt & maintained Egyptian way of life • Established strong trade among Africa, Arabia, & India ASSYRIAN EMPIRE • Highly advanced military organization & state-of-the art weaponry • Brutal treatment of conquered peoples • Kings used harsh taxes to control conquered peoples PERSIAN EMPIRE • Tolerant • Kings permitted a high degree of local selfgovernment • Empire divided into 20 provinces CHINA • Ethical systems laid the groundwork for strong government • Qin Dynasty defeated invaders, crusted internal resistance, united China • Centralization CONFUCIANISM • Based off teachings of Confucius • Social order, harmony, & good government should be based on family relationships • Respect for parents & elders is important to a wellordered society • Filial piety • Education is important both to the welfare of the individual & to society • Laid groundwork for bureaucracy (Trained civil service) DAOISM • • • • Based off teachings of Laozi Dao, “the way,” guides all things Natural order is more important than social order Human beings should live simply & in harmony with nature LEGALISM • Highly efficient & powerful government is the key to restoring order to society • Punishments used to maintain social order • Thinkers & ideas should be strictly controlled by government QIN DYNASTY • Emperor Shi Huangdi • Unifies China • Uses legalist ideas to subdue warring states QIN DYNASTY • Program of Centralization • • • • Highway network Standards for writing, law, currency, weights & measures Irrigation projects Trade expanded • Great Wall • Begun by Zhou rulers, finished by Qin