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Joint Action
FLEXION: movement that shortens the angle between two bones,
reducing the angle at a joint.
EXTENSION: movement that increases the angle between two bones.
ABDUCTION: moving away from the midline of the body. For example,
moving the arms and legs away from the trunk in a sideways motion.
ADDUCTION: moving toward the midline of the body. For example,
moving the arms or legs toward the trunk in a sideways motion.
PRONATION: medial rotation of the forearm, with the palm in a
downward position so the radius lies diagonally across the ulna.
SUPINATION: the lateral rotation of the forearm, bringing the palm of the
hand upward. In this position, the radius and ulna are parallel.
ELEVATION: upward movement of the shoulder girdle.
DEPRESSION: downward movement of the shoulder girdle.
ROTATION: medial or lateral movement around an axis.
CIRCUMDUCTION: circular movements at a joint.
DORSIFLEXION: movement that brings the top of the foot toward the
shin.
PLANTARFLEXION: movement that brings the sole of the foot
downwards (as in pointing the toes).)
EVERSION: turning the sole of the foot outward where the weight is
taken on the inside of the foot.
INVERSION: turning the sole of the foot inwards where the weight is
taken on the outside of the foot.
PLANES
TRANSVERSE PLANE (HORIZONTAL PLANE): divides the body into
upper and lower portions.
FRONTAL PLANE: divides the body into front and back. (Abduction &
Adduction occur in this plane.)
SAGITTAL PLANE: divides the body into right and left. (Flexion &
Extension occur within the sagittal plane).
(Paul Batman- Exercise analysis made simple)