Download Vocabulary Unit 4

Vocabulary Unit 4
Revolution
• Revolution
• Having to do with the overthrow of a government,
with a new government taking its place.
• American Revolution
• The war between Great Britain and its American
colonies, 1775–83, by which the colonies won their
independence.
•Taxation without representation –
• Taxes placed on people by government without someone to
representative them in the government.
•French and Indian War
• The French Indian War was one of a series of wars between the
British and French starting as early as the 1600s.
• Imperial
• related to an empire
• Slogan:
• a sort set of words to help you remember something.
• King George III
• King of Great Britain and Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of the
two.
• Stamp Act 1765 –
• a tax placed on printed materials in the colonies
Tuesday
REASONS FOR THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
• Colonists began to resent British rule and wanted to break away from
England.
• One event to shape this revolutionary movement was the French and
Indian War.
French and Indian War
• Caused changes in how the colonists felt about England.
• War fought from 1754 to 1763.
• British fought the French.
French and Indian War
• Fighting for control of America.
• Native Americans helped the French in the war.
• British won the war.
Treaty of Paris
• France and England signed to end the French and Indian War.
• England claimed all of Frances colonies in North America.
French and Indian War
• French and Indian War cost England lot of money.
• Colonist were taxed to pay for the war.
Vocabulary
• French and Indian War
• Treaty of Paris
Wednesday
Other Factors
• England was not happy with how the colonist were become
independent.
• England felt that they need to keep the colonist under control.
• Thereby implementing the Imperial Policy.
Vocabulary
• Stamp Act
• a tax placed on printed materials in the colonies.
Stamp Act of 1765
• King George III agreed to tax the colonist
• Taxes were imposed to help pay for war.
• This made the colonist mad.
• Stamp act required colonist to buy a stamp government stamp for paper
documents.
• Included:
• Newspapers
• legal documents
• Playing cards.
Stamp Act of 1765
• Samuel Adams: sent protest letters, led the fight against the Stamp
Act.
• Colonist felt that the stamp act was unfair.
• Colonist were not represented in the British government.
• This brought about the slogan:
• “No taxation without representative!”
Stamp Act of 1765
• Colonists boycotted goods and refused to buy stamps.
• Parliament voted to repeal or end the tax, but another tax was put
into effect.
Other taxes
• Colonist were also taxed to help keep the British troops in the
colonies.
• England kept troops there to make sure the colonist stayed in their
control.
Vocabulary
• Imperial: related to an empire
• Slogan: a sort set of words to help you remember something.
Thursday
Review of Stamp Act
• What was the cause of the Stamp Act? Why did Parliament create the
Stamp Act?
• The British Parliament wanted the colonist to pay off the cost of the French &
Indian War
What is a tax?
Money that people pay to the government for services.
The Stamp Act forced colonist to pay a tax on
almost everything printed on…
• Paper
Some examples of items they had to pay a tax on were?
• Newspapers, contracts, pamphlets, court documents and playing cards.
How did the colonist react to the Stamp Act? How did
they feel about it?
• They very angry. They organized parades to protest and attacked British tax
collectors.
What does “No Taxation without Representation”
mean?
• Colonist thought they shouldn’t be taxed because they didn’t have a say in
Parliament.
Some colonist started working against the Stamp Act. They formed
two groups. What were the two groups?
• Daughters of Liberty and Sons of Liberty
What happened to the Stamp Act?
• It was repealed or canceled.
Tuesday October 20
Sons of Liberty
• Secret Orgnaization
• Formed in Boston in 1765
• Protest stamp act
• People in group
• Merchants
• Journalists
• Other effect by increase taxes.
• Used violent activities to protest the tax
Sons of Liberty
• Used violent activities to protest the tax
• Burned stamps.
• Frighten the stamp agents
• By time the stamp law was in effect all agents had quit their jobs.
Daughters of Liberty
• Group of women formed in the colonies
• Stop buying tea and making their own.
• Weaved cloth that could be made into clothes.
• Form of protest
• Boycott hurt British.
• Boycott – is a refusal to buy goods.
Monday November 2, 2015
Boston Massacre
• A massacre is the killing of many people who cannot defend
themselves.
• Fists fights were common among the colonies and soliders.
• Because the soliders were afraid they fired into the crowd
• One victim was
• Crispus Attucks – a free slave
• Led sailors to the scene of the protest
The Boston Tea Party
• Tea Act Passed in 1773
• Colonist had to buy their tea from East India
company.
• 2 goals of the Tea Act
• Help the struggling East India company
• Get the colonists to pay taxes to Britian
The Boston Tea Party
•On December 16, 1773.
• Members of Sons of Liberty disguised
themselves as Native Americans
• Boarded a ship carrying tea and dumped 342
chests of tea into the Boston Harbor.
• Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party
• England punished the people of Boston for the tea party
• Under the control of Thomas Gage (British General)
• Port of Boston closed.
• New laws were called Intolerable Acts.
Putting the Following Events in the correct
order
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
England imposes the tea tax.
The French and Indian War Takes place
The Sons of Liberty dump tea into Boston Harbor
The Stamp Act is passed.
England imposes the tea tax.
Writing Prompt
• Imagine that your are one of the Sons of Liberty on the night f the
Boston Tea Party. Write a journal entry about what it was like that
night and why you did what you did. Use sensory details to make the
reader feel like he/she was there.
• Sensory details include sight, sound, touch, smell, and taste
Tuesday November 3, 2015
Short film about intolerable act.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA3gvcI58_Q
in·tol·er·a·ble
•unable to be endured.
•beyond endurance, too much to
bear;
•The drilling noise had become
intolerable.
en·dure
• Suffer
• Go through something
Intolerable Act Facts
• Led by King George III's Prime Minister Lord Frederick North to punish
the rebellious Bostonians.
• Between March and June of 1774 the government passed four bills
aimed at ending dissent in the colony of Massachusetts.
• Four bills know as the Intolerable Acts.
Act 1
• The Boston Port Act, passed in March of 1774.
• The first of the Intolerable Acts closed the port of Boston so tightly
that the colonists could not bring hay from Charlestown to give to
their starving horses
Act 2
• The Massachusetts Government Act, was passed in May 1774. The
changed the charter of 1691
• Put an end to the constitution of Massachusetts - only one town
meeting was permitted a year in Massachusetts, unless approved by
the governor.
• Town officials would no longer be elected, they were to be be
appointed by the royal governor.
• The executive council would no longer be elected, but appointed by
the King. The Massachusetts Government Act revoked the colony's
1691 charter
Act 3
• The Administration of Justice Act, also passed in May.
• Gave the power for all trials in the colony to be sent to Great Britain
and heard under a British judge
Act 4
• Quartering Act, passed in June, gave General Gage the power to
house British soldiers in private homes, something forbidden in the
previous Quartering Act of 1764.
The Colonists Reaction to the Intolerable Acts
of 1774
• Letters and handbills were sent the length and breadth of the 13
colonies via the Committees of Correspondence detailing the
Intolerable Acts
• Newspapers publicised articles about the tyranny of the British rule
and the Intolerable Acts
The Colonists Reaction to the Intolerable Acts
of 1774
• The colonists saw the laws of the Intolerable Acts as a a violation of
their constitutional rights and that their colonial charters could be
rescinded. They were united in their protests of the Intolerable Acts
• The other colonies were in sympathy with Massachusetts.
• Other colonies began sending relief to the blockaded city of Boston.
The Colonists Reaction to the Intolerable Acts
of 1774
• The First Continental Congress was convened in Philadelphia on
September 5, 1774, to coordinate a colonial response to the
Intolerable Acts.
Assignment in class.
• Students will write a two to three sentence
“news brief” for a colonial newspaper telling
what is happening in Boston since the harbor’s
closing.
Wednesday November 4, 2015
Patriots
• Those who oppose British rule.
• From what we have learned why do you think they oppose British
rule?
Loyalists
• Colonists who remained loyal to King George and the British
government.
• From what we have learned why do you think they were still loyal to
British rule?
First Continental Congress
• Meeting of representatives from every colony except Georgia held in
Philadelphia in 1774 to discuss actions to take in response to the
Intolerable Acts.
Results of First Continental Congress
• Not trade with British until intolerable act was repeal.
Results of First Continental Congress
• Militia
• Volunteer army, trained in the colonies.
Results of First Continental Congress
• Minutemen
• Name some militias called themselves because they could be ready at
a minute’s notice to fight for this colony.
Minutemen Militia clip from "A History of the
U.S. Constitution"
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uc8wh9sive0
Thursday November 5, 2015
George Washington
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xrGEQvAZQtA
George Facts
•George Washington started school when
he was six years old. He left school at 15
to become a surveyor because his mother
couldn't afford to send him to college.
George Facts
At 26, he married Martha Curtis,
a widow who already had two
children, Jackie and Patsy.
Washington never had any children
of his own.
George Facts
•At six feet, two inches tall, and 200
pounds, he was one of our biggest
presidents.
George Facts
Although he helped plan the nation's
new capital city that was named for
him, he never lived in Capital
(Washington, DC).
New York City and, later,
Philadelphia were the nation's
capitals while he was president.
George Facts
•Favorite dishes
•Cream of peanut soup,
•mashed sweet potatoes with
coconut,
• string beans with mushrooms.
George Facts
•He bred hound dogs that he treated like
members of the family. He gave some of
them unusual names: Tarter, True Love,
and Sweet Lips.
•Toothaches bothered him for years. When
he was 57, he had all his teeth pulled.
From then on, he wore ivory false teeth
set in a silver plate.
Monday November 9
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DcoVWSpJFG4
• Founding Father's Declaration of Independence Rap
Second Continental Congress
• Met again in 1775.
• Purpose was to discussed
• breaking away from England
• becoming independent nation.
Second Continental Congress
• Some of the delegates were not sure it was a good idea.
• Colonies had bee protected by England for a long time.
Second Continental Congress
• Decided to write a document declaring independence.
• Committee of 5 was formed to put together Declaration.
•
•
•
•
•
Thomas Jefferson – Main Author
Benjamin Franklin
Roger Sherman
John Adams
Robert R. Livingston
Second Continental Congress
• Those 5 wrote one of the greatest documents and it still governor this
country:
•The Declaration of Independence.
Tyranny
• Abuse of Power
• Declaration of Independence was colonist response to tyranny
• King George III used this against colonists for years.
Thomas Jefferson
• From Virigina
• Wrote the Declaration of Independence
• Thought that King George III abuse his power.
King George III
• King of England
• Used Tyranny to rule the colonists
• Denied colonists their basic rights of freedom.
Tuesday Nov 10, 2015
Declaration of Independence
• Why was the Declaration of Independence written?
• To make the world know that the British Colonies located in America
were about to declare themselves an independent nation.
• To give explanation by compiling a list of their grievances against the
king as their reasons for declaring independence.
Declaration of Independence
•It had 3 main purposes:
•A list of complaints
•A theory of government
•A declaration of war
Declaration of Independence
•All men were made equal
• Famous Quote from declaration
•We hold these truths to be selfevident, that all men are created
equal;
Declaration of Independence
• All men were born with some unchallengeable
rights from God, such as life, freedom, quest for
happiness
• Governments are established among men, not men
among government.
• When a government fails to take actions for the
people, the governed people reserve the right to
either alter the government to suit their very needs
or abolish it totally.
Declaration of Independence
• In the final voting by the Continental Congress to approve the
Declaration, one colony chose not to vote. Which colony was it?
• New York
Declaration of Independence
• Date the Declaration of Independence adopted.
• July 4, 1776
Declaration of Independence
• Once the Declaration was signed the Continental Congress:
• Made copies to send to the colonies
• Had it published in newspapers
• Sent a copy to the King of England
Declaration of Independence
• First Person to sign the Declaration of Independence was
• John Hancock
• Founding Father's Dec
• Why was the Declaration of Independence written?
• How are our natural rights described in the Declaration of
Independence?
• Why is the message of the Declaration of Independence important to
our country?
• How does the belief in the Declaration of Independence affect
decisions made by our country?
• How was the Declaration of Independence a response to tyranny and
the abuse of power?
• Declaration of Independence image (introduction to lesson)
http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.rbc/bdsdcc.02101 • Prepare to display the
image for discussion
Thursday November 13
Thomas Jefferson
• delegate of the Continental Congress
• one of the nation’s Founding Fathers.
• Wrote the majority (most) of the Declaration of Independence.
• Became the nation’s third president.
Benjamin Franklin
• To urge the colonies to unite as one nation
• drew the “Unite or Die” divided snake image.
• helped to organize the 1st Continental Congress and write the U.S.
Constitution.
• Contacted European countries so that America could count on their
help.
• An inventor
• invented our U.S. mail system
• bifocals, and more.
Roger Sherman
• Lawyer
• Justice of the Peace
• Superior Court Judge of Connecticut
• Member of Continental Congress
• US Senator
John Adams
• Founding Fathers
• wrote editorials in the newspaper
• lawyer & Continental Congress delegate.
• defended the Declaration of Independence
• Signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the American Revolution War.
• Vice President under George Washington
• Second President.
Robert R. Livingston
• Lawyer
• politically active in the era of the Stamp Act Revolt,
• was probably involved with the Sons of Liberty in New York.
• Selected to attend the Continental Congress.
• Help to draft Declaration of Independence
• Recalled by his state before he could sign it.
• negotiated the Louisiana Purchase from the French
Monday November 16, 2015
Battles of the American Revolution
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a_KOu09z_GA
Battle of Lexington and Concord
• First battle of the war.
• Emerson said that at his battle a shot was fired that was “heard
around the world.”
• British General Thomas Gage thought that the colonist has stored a
large amount of military supplies (ammunition) at Concord,
Massachusetts.
Battle of Lexington and Concord
• He wanted to arrest 2 leaders of the patriots – Hancock and Adams.
• The people wanted independence from England. Started the
American Revolution.
• Winner - Colonist
Battle of Lexington and Concord – April 19, 1775
• Paul Revere, Samuel Prescott, William Dawes set out to warn Samuel Adams
and John Hancock about the British were coming.
• Only one made it to warn them and Adams and Hancock were able to escape
before the British got there.
• Colonists were expecting the British any moment and ready to fight.
• In Concord British set supplies on fire and angered the colonists
• British were attacked by minutemen on their way back to Boston
Battle of Lexington and Concord
• Date: Wednesday, April 19, 1775
• Weather: 55 – 65 F
Casualties
England
United States
Force: 1500
Killed: 73
Wounded: 174
Captured: 53
Force: 3800
Killed: 49
Wounded: 39
Captured: 0
Battle of Bunker Hill – June 6, 1775
• On June 17, 1775 the Battle of Bunker Hill took place.
• It is one of the most important colonial victories in the U.S. War for
Independence.
• Fought during the Siege of Boston, it lent considerable
encouragement to the revolutionary cause.
• This battle made both sides realize that this was not going to be a
matter decided on by one quick and decisive battle.
Battle of Bunker Hill
• When the British planned to occupy Dorchester Heights on the
Boston Peninsula, the colonists became alarmed.
• The colonists decided that action had to be taken.
• The Battle of Bunker Hill started when the colonists learned about the
British plan to occupy Dorchester Heights.
• The colonists were understandably shaken by this news. They thought
of this as the last straw, and they had to protect their land and
freedom.
Battle of Bunker Hill – June 6, 1775
•
•
•
•
•
•
George Washington-Commander and Chief of Continental Army
Battle was fought on Breeds Hill in the hills of Boston
Patriot Militia controlled the hills and heard the British were coming to attack
British warships attacked and fired on patriots.
British gained control of Breed Hill
Located close to Boston, there were heavy English losses as a result of the
battle.
•Winner - England
Battle of Bunker Hill – June 6, 1775
England
Force: 3000
Killed: 226
Casualties Wounded: 828
Captured: 0
United States
Force: 2400
Killed: 115
Wounded: 305
Captured: 30
Assignment for students
• Create a bullet point chart titled::
• Events that Led to Revolution:
• Identify key events that led to the Revolution
• (French/Indian War, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Stamp Act,
Sons of Liberty, etc…)
Tuesday November 17, 2015
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Uvz1mhGxtrQ
• Battle of long island
Battle of Long Island – August 27, 1775
• Washington led troops from Boston to Long Island, New
York.
• He positioned his troops on the western end of Long
Island in anticipation of the British arrival.
• British recognized that Long Island was a communication
port for the northern and southern colonies
• British attacked forcing Washington's troops to head into
Manhattan.
Battle of Long Island
• Fought between the troops of Washington and Howe. It was the first
large scale battle of the war. British forced Washington to retreat
(withdraw)
• Winner - England
Battle of Long Island
Casualties
England
Force: 20000
Killed: 64
Wounded: 293
Captured: 31
United States
Force: 10000
Killed: 300
Wounded: 800
Captured: 1079
Battle of Trenton – December 26, 1775
• Washington led troops crossing the Delaware River into New Jersey
• Ice storms and freezing temperatures they attacked the British
• Not a single American was killed
Battle of Trenton
• As soon as Fort Lee was abandoned, Washington began to withdraw
his army across New Jersey toward Philadelphia. About 5,000
Americans left Hackensack on November 21, 1776, and retired
without casualties 100 miles to safety behind the Delaware River on
December 7. But the troops suffered a want of clothing and a sense
of defeat which quickly translated into high sickness and desertion
rates. It was a demoralized army that unraveled in retreat. Even their
stoic commander despaired over "a noble cause lost," and wrote to
his brother, "I think the game is pretty near up.
Battle of Trenton
• An important early victory in the war. After earlier defeats, this battle
restored the morale of the US troops.
• Winner US
Battle of Brandywine – September 11, 1777
• Near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 1777
• Washington and troops stationed at high ground, British attacked
Battle of Saratoga - 1777
•
•
•
•
Second important battle.
Third time attack
Americans won!
Major turning point in the American Revolution!
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IIZBPpAJcNA
Battle of Saratoga
• The British thought they could win the war by dividing up the colonies
in two. This goal meant they would have to capture the rest of New
York. Fought in upstate New York. France offered its help. It was a
turning point in the war. Their plan failed and reinforcements for the
British arrived.
• Winner US
In small groups create flashcards of important
terms. Then quiz each other. VOCABULARY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Minuteman
Loyalist
Militia
Patriot
Repeal**
Interdependence**
Independence
Liberty
Revolution
Taxation***
Massacre
Representation***
Proclamation
Wednesday November 18, 2015
Valley Forge (Winters)
Battle of Camden/Charleston – August 16, 1780
• South Carolina
• Cornwallis and his troops severely defeated colonial force
Cowpens (South Carolina) January 17, 1781
Guilford Courthouse (North Carolina) March
15, 1781
Battle of Yorktown October 9, 1781
• Third important battle.
• Virginia
• Cornwallis was forced to surrender
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rq49Nxr9j7w
Battle of Yorktown
• Last battle of the war.
Thursday November 19, 2015
King George III
• I was the King of England and ruler of the 13
colonies.
• After the French & Indian War, I demanded the
colonists pay taxes on goods to cover the war
expenses.
• The tariffs (taxes) I mandated included the Sugar
Act, Stamp Act, Tea Act, and others.
Georgia Washington
•As the commander of the Continental Army, I
was responsible for leading the Patriots into
battle.
•My men faced very harsh conditions, but I
motivated them to stay and fight.
•After the war, I became the country’s first
president and served two terms.
Benjamin Franklin
•To urge the colonies to unite as one nation, I
drew the “Unite or Die” divided snake image.
•I helped to organize the 1st Continental
Congress and write the U.S. Constitution.
•I was also an inventor, and invented our U.S.
mail system, bifocals, and more.
Thomas Jefferson
• I was a delegate of the Continental Congress and
one of the nation’s Founding Fathers.
• I was credited with writing the majority (most)
of the Declaration of Independence.
• I later went on to become the nation’s third
president
Benedict Arnold
• I was first an colonel in the Continental Army.
• I was successful in capturing Fort Ticonderoga and
winning the Battles of Saratoga.
• However, I later betrayed the Patriots by switching
sides, spying, and joining the British army.
• I was a traitor.
John Adams
• I am one of the Founding Fathers of the USA.
• I wrote editorials in the newspaper passionately
discussing the rights of the colonists.
• I was a lawyer & Continental Congress delegate.
• I defended the Declaration of Independence.
• I later became Vice President and then the second
President.
Patrick Henry
• I was a member of the Sons of Liberty and an
excellent orator (speaker).
• I spoke convincingly about the colonies’ need for
independence, and
• I’m famous for saying, “Give me liberty, or give me
death!” and “If this be treason, make the most of it!”
Select 3 people and Include facts about their
importance during the Revolution:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
-King George III
-Paul Revere
-Samuel Adams
-John Hancock
-William Dawes
-Samuel Prescott
-George Washington
-Benjamin Franklin
-Thomas Jefferson
-Benedict Arnold
-Patrick Henry
-John Adams
Friday November 20, 2015
• liberty kids video of the Battle of Trenton