Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Alpha-Adrenergics Sympatomimetics Action: Norepinephrine is considered the parent or prototype drug produce effects almost identical to those of norepinephrine major effect is contraction of smooth muscle vasoconstriction of most blood vessels contraction of sphincter muscles in the GI and urinary tracks causes dilation of the pupil of the eye (mydriasis) Use: shock during surgery hypotensive states to increase blood pressure and maintain circulation decongestion of nasal sinuses dilatation of pupils ocular decongestants appetite suppressant (those that are able to pass the blood-brain barrier) Side Effects: increase blood pressure increase heart rate bronchodilation Caution: Drug Names: most side effects are due to excessive vasoconstriction of blood vessels which results in: - hypertension - hypertensive crisis - heart palpitations - hemorrhage (usually cerebral) - cardiac arrhythmias irritation of nasal sinuses (when used as decongestant due to excessive dryness from the vasoconstrictive decrease in blood flow) ***infiltration into the tissues when these drugs are given IV causes intense vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin which can lead to death of skin cells and gangrene!*** Name Epinephrine (Adrenalin) ephedrine metaraminol (Aramine) methoxamine (Vasoxyl) norepinephrine (Levophed) phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine) pseudoephedrine (many OTC) Use vasopressor, bronchodilator nasal decongestant, bronchodilator acute allergic reactions, anaphylaxis—not used in asthma patients increase BP increase BP nasal decongestant a catecholamine, also acts on beta receptors, extravasation if it infiltrates in OTC preparations, not for pts with HTN nasal decongestant (Afrin) increase BP, increases coronary output, improves coronary blood flow Alpha-Adrenergics Sympatomimetics tetrahydrozoline (Visine) tetrahydrozoline (Tyzine) ophthalmic decongestant nasal decongestant Epinephrine (Adrenalin) also classified as a beta adrenergic drug Action: increases blood pressure (alpha effect on blood vessesl)) increases heart rate (beta-1 effect on heart) relaxes bronchial tubes (beta-2 effect on bronchus) Use: acute allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) should not be used in asthma patients Note: blocking sympathetic activity increases parasympathetic activity and vice versa.