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Artificial Intelligence
By
John Debovis &
Keith Bright
What is Artificial Intelligence?
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the field of
computer science that seeks to build
autonomous machines—machines that can carry
out complex tasks without human intervention.
• Research in AI is concerned with producing
machines to automate tasks requiring intelligent
behavior.
Intelligent Agents
• An agent is a device that responds to stimuli
from its environment.
• An agent could be a robot, an autonomous
plane, a character in a video game, or a
program commuting over the Internet.
• The goal of Artificial Intelligence is to build
agents that behave intelligently.
Turing Test
• Can Machines Think?
– Turing Test was a test designed in the 1950’s to solve this question.
• Layout
• A human interrogator sits in a room and uses a computer terminal to
communicate with two respondents, A and B.
• The interrogator knows that one respondent is human and the other is
computer.
• After having a conversation with A and B, the human must decide which
respondent was the computer.
• Is it a good test for intelligence?
• Some argue that the Turing Test doesn’t demonstrate that a computer
understands language
Turing Test Equivalence
• Weak Equivalence
– A computer that passes the Turing test would demonstrate weak
Equivalence, meaning that the two systems are equivalent
• Strong Equivalence
– Indicates that two systems use the same internal processes to
produce results
• Some AI researchers assert that the true artificial intelligence
will not exist until we have achieved strong equivalence
• Chatbots/Eliza programs have been developed for the Turing
Test
Strong AI vs. Weak AI
• Weak AI
• The assumption that machines can be programmed to exhibit intelligent
behavior.
• Accepted to varying degrees by a wide audience
• Strong AI
• The assumption that machines can be programmed to possess
intelligence and consciousness.
• Widely debated
• Opponents of Strong AI argue that a machine is inherently different
from a human and can never think about itself the same a human
does.
Robotics
• Robotics is the study of physical, autonomous agents
that behave intelligently.
• The development of faster, lighter weight computers has
lead to greater research in mobile robots that can move
about.
• ASIMO
• Despite great advances, most robots are still not very
autonomous. They rely on human operators for
intelligence.
Current Progress
• Researched aspects of AI
• Looked in programming examples and
how they can be used with ELIZA
• Investigated how ELIZA operates and
relates to Turing Test
ELIZA
• ELIZA is a famous program which rephrases
many of the user's statements as questions and
poses them to the user.
• Example
– The response to "My head hurts" might be "Why do
you say your head hurts?" The response to "My
mother hates me" might be "Who else in your family
hates you?"
• We plan on developing our own intelligent agent
that is similar to ELIZA.
• Example