Download Introduction to Artificial Intelligence

Introduction to Artificial
Intelligence
Farah Zakiyah Rahmanti
2014
Overview
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Definition
History
AI & Human Brain
Subdisciplines of AI
Soft Computing
Definition (1)
• Generally associated with Computer Science
which deals with helping machine/computer in
order to have the ability to think, to consider the
actions to be taken, and being able to make
decisions like humans
• A branch of computer science which discusses
how the computer can do the job as good as
humans
Definition (2)
Herbert Alexander Simon :
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is research area, application, and
instructions are related to computer programming to do the
things that viewed as intelligent
Rich and Knight [1991] :
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a study of how to make computer
do things as good as humans
Encyclopedia Britannica :
• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that
represents knowledge in symbols form rather than numbers
and information process based on heuristic methods or by a
number of rules
History
• [1950-1970]
• The opening year for artificial intelligence, where
scientists and researchers are beginning to think of a way
for machine to perform the job as good as human beings.
• Alan Turing, an English mathematician, the first people
who proposed a test to see a machine can be said
intelligent. The test results are known as Turing Test, in
which the engine is posing as someone in a game that is
able to provide a response to questions. Turing assumed
that, if the machine can make a person believe that it is
able to communicate with others, it can be said that the
intelligent machine (like a human).
AI & Human Brain
AI
Human Brain
Permanent
Y
N
Transferable
Y
N
cheap
expensive
Consistent
Y
N
Documentable
Y
N
fast
Not fast
Creativity
N
Y
Experience
N
Y
Case-dependent
Y
N
Cost
Time-consuming
Subdisciplines of AI
• Artificial Intelligence can be divided into a
number of subdisciplines, such as:
• Expert System
• Natural Language Processing
• Speech Recognition
• Robotic & Sensor System
• Computer Vision
• Intelligent Computer-Aided Instruction
• Game Playing
Soft Computing (1)
• Set of computational techniques in computer
science, which trying to study, model, and
analyze a particular phenomenon in order to
exploit
the
tolerance
for
imprecision,
uncertainty, and partial truth to be solved easily,
robustness, and low solution cost.
Soft Computing (2)
Method in Soft Computing :
• Fuzzy Logic
• Artificial Neural Network
• Probabilistic Reasoning
• Evolutionary Computation
• Genetic Algorithm
Assignment
1. Do you think that AI is important for human
beings? Please explain and give the example!
2. What is meant by smart, genius, and
intelligent? Please explain and give the example!
3. Please specify the other AI commercial
application!
4. What is soft computing? Please explain and give
the example!
5. Please give the example of problems which are
difficult to solve by conventional computing
methods, but can be solved using soft
computing!
6. What is High Machine Intelligence Quotient
(HMIQ) ? Please explain and give the example!
Reference
• T. Sutojo, Edy Mulyanto, Vincent Suhartono,
“Kecerdasan Buatan”, 2011.