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28. Which of the followings is not involved in removing the dust particles brought into
the respiratory system by the inhaled air?
A. mucus B. cilia
C. macrophages in alveoli
D. type-I alveolar
epithelial cell
29. In which portion of the respiratory tract, spasm of smooth muscles during asthma
attack reduces ventilation.
A. primary bronchi B. secondary bronchi C. tertiary bronchi D terminal
bronchioles
30. Which of the followings happens during exercise?
A. vasodilation of the involved muscles.
B. vasodilation in intestines C.
vasodilation in inactive muscles
D. increased blood flow to all (inactive and
active) skeletal muscles
31. Dead space in the respiratory system refers to ____.
A. the place where there is no air flow. B. the place where there is no gas exchange
between the blood and the air.
C. the entire respiratory system from nose to alveoli
32. The respiratory membrane has the following features except____.
A. being large (500-700 SF)
B. being very thick
C. containing the
wall of alveoli
D. separating blood from air
33. Which of the following events occur in right order during inspiration?
A. volume change of the lungs  pressure change in the lungs  air flow into the
lungs
B. air flow into the lungs  volume change of the lungs  pressure change in the
lungs
C. pressure change in the lungs volume change of the lungs  air flow into the
lungs
34. Contraction of the diaphragm ____.
A. pushes itself up B. reduces all three dimensions of the thoracic cage C. occurs
during expiration D. decreases intrapulmonary pressure.
35. Contraction of external intercostal muscles ____.
A. occurs during inspiration B. occurs during expiration
respiration
36.
A.
B.
C.
C. is not involved in
If the pleural cavity leaks to atmosphere, what will happen?
The thoracic cage cannot expand when the inspiratory muscles contract.
The inspiratory muscles cannot contract.
The affected lungs won’t expand with the thoracic cage during inspiration.
37. A premature infant that lacks surfactant has ___.
A. difficulty in inspiration.
B. difficulty in expiration.
C. no difficulty in either inspiration or expiration
38. A decrease in the diameter of bronchioles mainly causes ___.
A. an increase in elastic resistance. B. an increased resistance against expiration but
not inspiration.
C. an increased resistance against inspiration but not expiration.
D. an increased resistance against both inspiration and expiration
39. Where in the central nervous system can a complete severing eliminate spontaneous
respiration?
A. between cerebral cortex and thalamus
B. between thalamus and cerebellum
C. between pons and medulla oblongata
D. between medullar oblongata and
spinal cord
40. After complete severing of which place in the central nervous system, the
spontaneous respiration does not disappear but becomes less smooth?
A. between cerebral cortex and thalamus
B. between thalamus and cerebellum
C. between pons and medulla oblongata
D. between medullar oblongata and
spinal cord
41. The primary inspiratory centers that generate respiration rhythms are influenced
directly by input from all of the following except ____.
A. hypothalamus B. motor cortex
C. chemoreceptorsD. lungs
42. Immediately after entering high mountains, normal people have a decrease in their
blood oxygen content, which is caused most likely by ___.
A. a decreased share of oxygen in the mixed atmospheric air (example: decreased
from 21% to 15% of total atmospheric air)
B. a decreased total atmospheric
pressure (from 760 mmHg to 600 mmHg) with no change in the share of oxygen as
percent of the mixed air .
C. decreased number of red blood cells
D.
decreased hemoglobin content
43. Patients with obstructive respiratory diseases have a decrease in their blood oxygen
content, most likely due to ____.
A. a decreased share of oxygen in the mixed alveolar air (example: decreased from
13.6% to 10% of total alveolar air)
B. a decreased total atmospheric pressure
(from 760 mmHg to 600 mmHg) with no change in the share of oxygen as percent of the
mixed air .
C. decreased number of red blood cells
D. decreased
hemoglobin content
44. Patients with pneumonia may have a decreased gas exchange capacity most likely
due to ____.
A. a decreased share of oxygen in the mixed alveolar air (example: decreased from
13.6% to 10%)
B. the thickening of the respiratory membrane
C. decreased number of red
blood cells
D. decreased hemoglobin content
45. Based on the concept of ventilation-perfusion coupling, which of the following will
increase the alveolar gas exchange to the greatest extent? (assuming the original
ventilation-perfusion ratio is 0.8)
A. increase air flow by 50% with no change in blood flow B. increase blood flow by
50% with no change in air flow
C. increase air flow and blood flow both by 30%
46. A decrease in the Po2 in the environment around red blood cells is expected to cause
___.
A. dissociation of oxygen from red blood cells.
B. an increased association of
oxygen with red blood cells C. no change in the association of oxygen with red blood
cells
47. If you separate the formed elements of the blood from plasma by centrifugation, you
will find ____.
A. more oxygen in the plasma
B. more oxygen in the formed elements
C. equal amount of oxygen in the plasma and the formed elements.
48. Extensive vasodilation throughout the systemic circulation is expected to cause ___.
A.
decrease in arterial pressure
C. no change in arterial pressure
B.
increase in arterial pressure
49. In which of the following places, PCO2 (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) is the
highest?
A. alveolar airB. blood in the systemic arteries
C. blood in the arterial end of
systemic capillaries D. blood in the systemic veins
50. Which of the following statements about oxygen is FALSE ?
A. More ATP is generated from glucose in the presence of oxygen than without oxygen.
B. Oxygen is a nutrient.
C. Oxygen cannot be produced by human being.
D. Exposure to excessive oxygen will not cause any damage to tissue cells.
KEY
28D
29D 30A
31B 32B
33A 34D 35A 36C 37A
41B 42B 43A 44B 45C 46A 47B
48A 49D 50D
38D 39D 40C