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DESCRIPTION OF PHYSICAL LANDFORM REGIONS Text pages 130-142 Read the appropriate pages in the textbook, and fill in the blanks to make the sentences complete . A) CANADIAN SHIELD pages 130-133 The Shield is under most of Canada and parts of the ___________________. More than ______ of Canada is covered by the Shield. It contains some of the world’s oldest rocks (______ billion years old). Two types of rock _____________ and ________________ form most of the Shield. These rocks contain minerals such as ________________ and __________________ in great quantities. Because of this, the Canadian Shield is often called the “storehouse of _________________________”. Many cities and towns, such as ______________ in Ontario and ___________________ in NWT, rely on the mining industry for jobs. The Shield is well suited for mining but ill-suited for _____________ because it has very thin soils. The Shield’s plentiful water flows have made it an excellent source of _________________ energy. Since the center of the Shield is much lower than its outer portion (similar to a ____________ ), most of the rivers flow toward its center and into Hudson Bay. B) THE LOWLANDS pages 134-138 There are three lowland regions surrounding the Shield: a) b) c) The sediments that formed the bedrock under these lowlands were ____________ from the Shield. The weight of the upper layers of sediments compressed the lower layers into rocks. Interior Plains: The Interior Plains are part of the Great Plains of North America that stretch from the ____________ ocean to the ________________________ . During their formation, the Interior Plains were often covered by shallow ____________ seas. During the ___________________ era, coral reefs formed close to the surface of these seas. These reefs are now thousands of meters below the surface of the land and they contain much of the ________ and ______ found in Alberta and Saskatchewan. Other mineral deposits also lie below the surface. ________ is a mineral and is used as fertilizer in Canada and overseas. The landscape of the Interior Plains is composed of _________________ and deep, wide ___________ valleys. The soil in the Interior Plains is ________ and ________, and as a result, grain such as wheat, _________ and _________ is grown in many locations. This area is known as Canada’s “_________________” because so much wheat is grown. Where the climate is too dry for crops, ranchers raise ___________. Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands: The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Lowlands consists of two parts separated by a thin piece of the ____________________________ near Kingston, Ontario. These lowlands have bedrock formed of ___________________ rock from the Paleozoic era. Many escarpments can be seen in this region; the best known is the ____________________________ which extends from __________________________ to ____________________________ . Glaciers helped create a rolling landscape in the ___________________ portion of this region. The Great Lakes-St. Lawrence region is the most southerly landform region and it is well suited to agriculture because of its excellent ___________ and warm _________________ . The flat land also makes this region ideal for _____________________ routes and the development of _________ . Hudson Bay-Arctic Lowlands The area around Hudson Bay and James Bay is very _________ and covered by ____________ forests. This region has a layer of ___________________ rock on top of the ancient rock of the Shield. The Arctic Lowlands are in Canada’s far north and have a gently ______________ landscape. This region contains coal, _________ and _________________ deposits. B) THE HIGHLANDS pages 139-142 Canada’s highlands are made up of three mountainous areas: a) b) c) Appalachian Mountains: The Appalachian Mountains are the _________ highland region and were formed about _______ million years ago. The layers of sedimentary rock are rich in deposits of _____ - ____________ minerals such as coal. Millions of years of ____________ have reduced the Appalachians’ jagged peaks to rolling mountains and hills and wide valleys. Innuitian Mountains: The Innuitian Mountains are found in Canada’s _______ __________. They are very tall mountains (over _______ metres in height). This region contains igneous and _______________ rocks but mostly ____________________ rock. Since these mountains are ___________ than the Appalachians, ____________ has not had time to reduce them to rounded hills. Western Cordillera: The Western Cordillera stands along the _____________ edge of Canada. The mountains are very high and rugged which means they are geologically __________ . The collision of the _____ _____________ and ___________ plates resulted in the formation of several mountain ranges within this region. The many mountains and valleys run in a _______________ direction, but transportation routes must run in a _________________ direction. There are very few _________ or gaps, which allow highways and railways to cross over. Most people make their living by ___________ or ____________ . This area is famous for its scenery because this region has Canada’s only remaining ___________ (apart from those in the Arctic). Glaciers eroded the river valleys below sea level and when the ice melted, the valleys were flooded and formed long narrow inlets called _________ . Many people mistakenly use the name “Rocky Mountains” and “Western Cordillera” interchangeably. There are ______ major divisions in the Western Cordillera. The three major divisions are: ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________. ••• Fig. 12-19 A profile of the Western Cordillera, from Vancouver Island to Calgary reveals three major divisions: Coast Mountains. Interior Plateaus, and Eastern Mountains (composed of the Columbia Mountains, Rocky Mountains).