Download Understanding Globes and Maps

Understanding Globes and
Maps
Unit 1 – Geography and Map Skills
Bell Ringer
• Answer the following questions in your interactive notebook
• 1. What is geography?
• 2. Look at the source below, would it be considered a primary or secondary
source? Explain your answer.
Understanding Movements of Earth
• The Earth revolves around the
_______ in a nearly circular path
called an orbit.
• As the Earth orbits the sun, it
spins on its Axis: an invisible line
through the center of the Earth
from the North Pole to the South
Pole.
• This movement is called a rotation
Let’s Move!
• Stand up at your desk and let’s figure out some movements to help us
remember how the Earth orbits around the sun while spinning on its
Axis
Understanding Globes
• Globe: scale model of the Earth (drawn to
scale means that a small unit of measure on a
globe stands for a long unit of measure on
Earth)
• Latitude: imaginary horizontal lines on a
globe that are measured in degrees. (One
degree of latitude = 69 miles)
• Longitude: imaginary vertical lines on a globe
that are measured in degrees.
Let’s Get Up!
• Stand up at your desks for a little movement to help you remember
latitude and longitude!
Equator and Prime Meridian
• Equator: Latitude line that is located halfway between the North and
South Poles. 0 Degrees latitude, divides the Earth into Northern and
Southern hemispheres.
• Prime Meridian: Latitude line that passes through the degree of 0,
dividing the Earth into Eastern and Western hemispheres.
• Hemisphere: a half of the earth, usually as divided into northern and
southern halves by the equator, or into western and eastern halves by
the Prime Meridian.
Maps!
• While maps are easier to use and carry than globes, they cannot show
the correct size and shape of every feature on Earth’s curved surface
– they must shrink some places and stretch others.
• To make up for this distortion, mapmakers use different map
projections: attempts to portray the surface of the earth or a portion
of the earth on a flat surface.
• No one projection can accurately show the correct area, shape,
distance or direction. This is known as map distortion.
Types of Map
• Political Map: Show political
borders; continents, countries,
and divisions within countries
such as states or provinces.
• Colors do not have special
meaning, just make the map
easier to read
Types of Maps
• Physical Maps:
represent what a region
looks like by showing its
major physical features,
such as hills and plains.
They often show
elevation (height of land
above sea level) and
relief (how sharply the
land rises or falls.)
Types of Maps
• Special Purpose Maps:
used to help you focus
on certain details.
(Examples: climate,
language, etc.)
• Climate: the weather
conditions in an area in
general or over a long
period
Climate
• Types of Climate:
• Highland Climate: Highland climate is the climate of 'high' 'land'. So,
this climate is found in high mountain areas.
• Tropical Climate: A tropical climate is a climate typically found within
the tropics
• Dry Climate: region of the world where there is little precipitation and the air
is very dry.
Types of Maps
• Chloropleth (dot
density): uses symbols
in predefined areas to
indicate the average
amount of something in
that area.