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Irene Mairis SHOSTAKOVICH STRING QUARTETS No. Key Date Op. Movements 1 C major 1938 49 4: Moderato: Moderato: Allegro molto: Allegro 2 A major 1944 68 3 F major 1946 73 4 D major 1949 83 4: Overture, Moderato con moto: Recitative and Romance, Adagio: Waltz, Allegro: Theme with Variations, Allegro. 5: Allegretto: Moderato con moto: Allegro non troppo: Adagio: Moderato. For the premiere Shostakovich renamed the movements in the manner of a war story: 1.Blithe ignorance of the future cataclysm 2.Rumblings of unrest and anticipation 3.Forces of war unleashed 4.In memory of the dead 5.The eternal question: Why? And for what? 4: Allegretto: Andantino: Allegretto: Allegretto. 5 Bb major 1952 92 3: performed without break: Allegro non troppo: AndanteAndantino- Andante- Andantino- Andante: ModeratoAllegretto-Andante. 6 G major 1956 101 4: Allegretto: Moderato con moto: Lento: Lento-Allegretto. 7 f# minor 1960 108 8 c minor 1960 110 3: performed without break: Allegretto: Lento: AllegroAllegretto-Adagio. 5: performed without break: Largo: Allegro molto: Allegretto: Largo: Largo Other Information Traditional. Movements in sonata form, variations, scherzo, Lively finale. Censured by authorities. Furiously denounced due to the horrors the music portrays and because it ends in ambiguous, inconclusive, fashion. Some critics accused Shostakovich of hiding coded subversive messages against Stalin within it. Notable for the sustained passionate part written for the first violin in the Andantino which rises to ecstatic heights, and also for the suspenseful and complex final movement. The work grows from a five note motif: C, D, E flat, B and C sharp, which contains the composer's musical monogram - DSCH - (E flat being S and B being H in German). This appears other string quartets, including the 8th. as well as his 10th Symphony. The first movement creates a carefree mood using nursery tunes. The second movement is a cheerful dance in E b major, the third movement a chaconne in b minor. Written in memory of his first wife Nina Vassilyevna Varzar who died in December 1954. Opens with the DSCH motif which is used in each movement.. This slow sad theme (also used in his Cello Concerto No 1, Violin Concerto No. 1, Symphonies 10 and 15, Piano Sonata No.2). The work is filled with quotes of other pieces by Shostakovich: the 1st movement quotes 1st and 5th Symphonies, the 2nd movement uses a Jewish theme used in Piano Trio No.2; the 3rd movement quotes the Cello Concerto No.1 and the 4th movement quotes a 19th century revolutionary song ‘Tormented by Grievous Bondage’ and an aria from his opera, ‘Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk’ District. Irene Mairis 9 Eb major 1964 117 10 11 Ab major f minor 1964 1966 118 122 12 Db major 1968 133 13 bb minor 1970 138 14 15 f# minor eb minor 1973 1974 142 144 5: performed without break: Moderato con moto: Adagio: Allegretto: Adagio: Allegro. 4: Andante: Allegretto furioso: Adagio: Allegretto-Andante. 7: Introduction-Andantino: Scherzo-Allegretto: RecitativeAdagio: Etude-Allegro: Humoresque-Allegro: Elegy-Adagio: Finale-Moderato. 2: Moderato –Allegretto -Moderato –Allegretto –Moderato: Allegretto –Adagio –Moderato –Adagio –Moderato –Allegretto. 1: Adagio –Doppio movimento- Tempo primo. Dedicated to his third wife, Irina Antonovna Shostakovich, whom he had married in 1962. Dedicated to his close friend Moisei Weinberg. Dedicated to the violist of the Beethoven Quartet, and the viola is given a prominent role in the piece. It opens with a 12-tone-row played on the viola, and concludes with a long viola solo in the high register. The work requires players to tap the bodies of their instruments with their bows at several points; such techniques had become almost commonplace in the West by this time, but were not typically used in Soviet music of this period. 3: Allegretto – Adagio – Allegretto. 6 linked movements – all slow: Elegy –Adagio: Serenade –Adagio: Intermezzo –Adagio: Nocturne –Adagio: Funeral March –Adagio molto: Epilogue –Adagio. Like most of the composer's late works, it is an introspective meditation on mortality. Shostakovich told the Beethoven Quartet to play the first movement "so that flies drop dead in mid-air, and the audience start leaving the hall from sheer boredom". Further contextual information for String Quartet No. 8 in C minor (Op. 110) The piece was written shortly after two traumatic events: the composer's diagnosis with myelitis, and his joining the Communist Party reluctantly. According to the score, it is dedicated "to the victims of fascism and war"; his son, Maxim, interprets this as a reference to the victims of all totalitarianism, while his daughter Galina says that he dedicated it to himself, and that the published dedication was imposed by the authorities. Shostakovich's friend, Lev Lebedinsky, said that Shostakovich thought of the work as his epitaph and that he planned to commit suicide around this time. The work is one of his most private; in a letter to Isaak Glikman he described it as "an ideologically deficient quartet nobody needs... It is a pseudo-tragic quartet, so much so that while I was composing it I shed the same amount of tears as I would have to pee after half-a-dozen beers". Source: Wikipedia