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Byzantine Empire Name: __________________________________ Period: __________ Texts: History Alive p. 61-67. Across the Centuries handout p. 42-45 1. What is the relationship between the Byzantine Empire and the Roman Empire? Why do we study them together? The Byzantine Empire was the continuation of the Roman Empire. It was what the east became after the west fell to the Barbarians. 2. What were the Nike Riots? a. Why did the people try to overthrow the emperor in the Nike Riots? Citizens were upset about high taxes and corruption of city government officials. Two groups were upset about an arrest of some of their members after a game. b. How did Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora respond to the riots? (Discuss them individually) Justinian didn’t succeed at first, he wanted to flee. Theodora said, “We can’t flee. It would be better to die, than to flee.” With her encouragement, he stopped the riots by killing 30,000 people. 3. How was the Justinian Code similar to the Code of Hammurabi, and how does it still affect us today? both helped contain and control the city like Hammurabi’s the laws weren’t all fair, but they did keep control. Influences our laws today still. 4. What is the most famous building from the Byzantine Empire, and why is it significant? Draw a sketch of it below. Hagia Sophia; influences/inspired the style of eastern orthodox churches everywhere 5. Roman Empire Byzantine Empire The map at the right shows the Byzantine Empire in 527 when Justinian I came to power. Use the map in the textbook to help you color in the additional land gained by Justinian by 565. How does the geography of the Byzantine Empire under Justinian compare to the geography of the Roman Empire at its height? The Roman Empire was larger, but Justinian did manage to regain much of the land from the former Roman Empire. Both empires surrounded the Mediterranean Sea, and had approximately the same shape in the east. The Byzantine empire was missing some of the land in the far north and west, like Spain, Gaul, and Britain. 6. Describe the religious culture of the Byzantine Empire. a. How was it similar to and different from the religious environment of the Roman Empire? In early years, Christians were persecuted in the Roman Empire until Constantine permitted the religion and then Theodosius made it the official religion of the Empire. The Byzantine Empire was Christian from the start, and this time it was the other regions that were persecuted. The Empire was based on Christianity, and other religious traditions, like Judaism, were not allowed. b. Describe the dual-role of the Byzantine Emperor and its significance. The emperor was the head of state and the living representative of God and Jesus. The church and government were combined. 7. What were some of the tensions between the west and the Byzantine Empire? Popes in Rome thought they still had control over Eastern churches and Christians, and the Byzantines resented that. They disagreed about how to practice their religion, i.e. the use of icons.