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ESSAY PLAN:
Problem/Question:
Introduction
(= 80-100 words)
Position:
Is that necessary and ethical to use placebo in
clinical researches?
References:
The use of placebo in clinical research is controversial:
Edwards (2011)
•
Methodology
•
Patient’s benefit and risk
•
Clinical research
•
Economic
The use of placebo in clinical research is still necessary
and ethical
Section 1:
Methodology
Counter-argument:
•
Positive medicine is good enough to Khan (2002)
evaluation new medicines
Argument:
•
For some cases positive medicines will lead
to bias
1. Pain
2. Psychological illnesses(clinical research
data about n antidepressants and
anxiolytics )
Section 2:
Patient’s benefit &
risk
Counter-argument:
•
Placebo would delay in treatment of diseases
(cancer progress or suicide)
•
Children: long term influence for their health
Argument:
•
Placebo only can use in below conditions
1. No accepted effective treatment
2. Existed treatment is not effective
enough (example of HCC treatment)
3. Existed treatment has server side effect
(example of citrate trial)
•
It is not allowing to use placebo for severe
patients
•
We have special practice for children subjects
•
Not all the placebo controls group just
receive placebo (add-on design)
•
All the patients are well informed
Section 3:
Clinical research
WMA Declaration of
Helsinki (2013)
Gómez-Díaz (2011)
Lewis (2014)
The belmont report (2005)
Counter-argument:
•
Placebo will decrease the number of subjects Blease (2015)
Argument:
•
Authorized deception
•
Increase guarantee measures (example about
anodyne) and financial compensation
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Section 4:
Economic
Conclusion
(= 70-100 words)
Argument:
•
In some develop countries positive drug is Marcia (2003)
not accessible and placebo will encourage
them to develop medicines which is suitable
for them
Summarise:
•
Methodology
•
Patient’s benefit and risk
•
Clinical research
•
Economic
To show that none of the counter-arguments is strong,
and conclude the use of placebo is necessary and
ethical.
2