Download Virtuality of Nanotechnology

VIRTUALITY OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY
By
N.S.Venkatesh,
T.John college of pharmacy,
Bengaluru.
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BEGINNING OF NANOSCIENCE

Richard Feynman (1918-1988).

Physicist.

Shared Nobel Prize in 1965 for “Quantum
electrodynamics”
“There’s plenty of room at the bottom”
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WHAT IS NANO?
Nano in greek means “dwarfs”
Nanotechnology is the ‘engineering of
functional systems at the nanoscale’ (atomic,
molecular, macromolecular).
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COMPARISION

Human hair = 20,000 nm; can carry 1 lakh
nanoparticle.

Whole population……you & me is Nano.

A small marble piece in earth.

2 Sec ……. 1 nm growth of beard.
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10 hydrogen atoms= 1 nm.
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DIFFERENT APPROACHES OF
NANOTECHNOLOGY

Top-down Approach……….Tera to Atto Or (1012 to 10-18).

Bottom-up Approach.……..Atto to Micro Or ( 10-18 to 10-6)
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WHAT IS NANO MATERIAL?

Nanoparticle ……. gold, silver, platinum, iron.

Nanofilaments ……silicone, wrinkle proof cloth.
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Nanotubes …………carbon tubes.
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Nanofilms ………….graphenes
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PREPARATION OF NANOMATERIAL

Physical Method: Ball mill, Laser...etc
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Chemical Method:
(i) Metal Salt + Alcohol / Reducing agent.
(ii) Metals (oxides)+reagents+water.....heated-up in a
closed vessel……nano particle.
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STEPS INVOLVED IN PHYSICAL METHOD
1. Homogenizer
2. Ultra Sonicator
3. Mills
4. Spray Milling
5. Supercritical Fluid Technology
6. Electrospray
7. Ultracentrifugation
8. Nanofiltration
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FORMATION OF NANOPARTICLES

Solution of Dextran + Ferric hexahydrate (acidic
solution)

Drip in Ammonium hydroxide (basic) at ~2oC

Stirred at 75oC for 75 min.

Purified by washing and
ultra-centrifugation

Resulting Size ~ 10-20 nm
Plasma half-life: 200 min

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FOUR GENERATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
1. Passive nanostructure:- Aerosols. (2000)
2. Active nanostructure:3. Systems of nano:-
Targeted drugs.(2005)
Robotics. (2010)
4. Molecular nanosystem:-
Atomic design,
Military camera (2015-20)
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APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY
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APPLICATIONS
1. Nanocosmetics……Nanosome skin cream.
2.Nanotextiles…….Lotus leaves, PTFE.
3.Nanosensors…….Dog, Dolphin, Tsunami.
4.Drug delivery……..BBB.
5.Tissue engineering….Tissue transplantations.
6.Lap on a chip (LOP)….ABG, Glucometer.
7.CNT display…..Aspect ratio, Clarity, Long lasting
8.Nanocomputers……DNA Storage.
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ROLE IN OUR DAILY LIFE
1.Silver nanoparticle……Aquaguard, Socks.
2.LED ….Gallium nitride Nano+Yellow Phosphorus.
3.MRI………increase brightness of the image.
4.Carbon black…..paint, wear resistance tyres,polish,hard
disk,sunscreen lotions (titania).
5.Diagnosis of disease…..CdSe.
6.Damascus Sword…..nanotubes,nanowires.
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SOME SIGNIFICANT ACHIEVEMENTS IN PHARMACEUTICALS

Development of one dose a day ciprofloxacin using nanotechnology.

Tumor targeted taxol delivery using nanoparticles in Phase 2 clinical
trial stage.
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Improved ophthalmic delivery formulation using smart hydrogel
nanoparticles.
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Oral insulin formulation using nanoparticles carriers.

Liposomal based Amphotericin B formulation.
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FEW EXAMPLES FOR
DRUG DELIVERY CARRIERS
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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Graphenes:-

7 million= 1mm, elephant
A Single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a
hexagonal lattice graphite structure. (gas detection, IC)
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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Carbon Nano Tubes (CNT):-
Cylindrical
graphenes.(Entering nuclei of the cell to deliver drugs, TV
Displays)
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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Buckyballs:-

Allotropes:-
Spherical fullerenes (any molecule entirely
composed of Carbon)
Two or more different physical forms in which
an element can present.(diamond, graphite,charcoal)
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KEY TOOLS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY

Scaffolds:-
Artificial,3D, biodegradable, biocompatible,
temporary structure. (Transplantation)
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GOLD NANOPARTICLE IN CANCER

Diagnosis :- CdSe

Cancer Treatment :- Gold nanoparticle + cancer cell

Another MOA:- Increased heat

light
IV
seep into tumor
cancer cell glows.
under uv
Radiation
Metal(gold) absorbs energy(heat)
Heat
up cancer cell
cancer cells are cooked inside the body, but
healthy cells remain unaffected.
Increase hsp90
Upregulation
Increase anti-cancer activity. (By nanotube &
nanofibers, peptide inserted into fibroblast)
Fibroblast secretes IF alpha
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GOLD NANOROD APPROACH

Gold nanorods coated with bombesin attach to GRP
receptors and are taken into the cancer cell. NIR laser
energy is absorbed by the gold and kills the cell with heat.
Gold permits imaging of the process.
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FOUR R&D TEAMS
Core Research Areas/ Team Leadership
Cellular Probes
Bio Sensors
Core Research
Areas
Drug Delivery
Systems
Tissue
Engineering
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NANOMEDICINE FUTURE
For cancer, the very exciting promises that
should be realized over the next 10 years are:
1. Presymptomatic blood diagnoses
2. Targeted Medicine (For breast & prostate Cancer)
“This new approach to medicine may help us to
have healthy & virtual life style”
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