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Chapter 4, Section 1: Geography and Ancient Egypt
The Big Idea: ________________________________________________________________________________
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Main Ideas:
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________
Main Idea 1:
 The _______________ __________________ brought life to Egypt and allowed it to
thrive.
 ________________ flooding of the Nile made farming possible.
Features of the Nile
 The Nile is the longest river in the world, with a distance of over _______ miles.
 Ancient Egypt included two regions, a southern and a northern region that
were given their names by their relation to the Nile.
 At several points, the rough terrain caused ____________ or rapids to form.
 The Nile divided into several branches, forming a __________, a triangular area
of land made from soil deposited by a river.
****Fact Check**** What were the two regions of Egypt called that the Nile
flowed through??? ________________________________ and ________________________________
The Floods of the Nile
 Little rain fell in the Egyptian desert, but the Nile _______________ every year in
the summer and the fall (Biannual).
 The Nile’s flooding coated the land around it with rich _________ that made the
soil ideal for farming.
 Without the floods, people could never have _______________ in Egypt.
****Fact Check**** Why was Egypt called the Gift of the Nile?
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Main Idea 2:
 The Nile provided both water and fertile soil for farming.
 Egypt’s location offered another advantage because it had natural ___________
that made it hard to _____________.
 The Nile was an important means to ______________ soldiers and resources.
The Nile River Valley
 ______________ were built to carry water to fields of _____________, ______________,
_________________, and __________________.
 The Nile allowed farmers to raise animals such as cattle and sheep.
 The river also provided many types of fish to eat, and hunters trapped ducks
and geese.
 Natural ________________ made Egypt hard to invade. ________________ in the West,
______________ in the North and East, _______________ from the South.
****Fact Check****What foods did the Egyptians eat?
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How did the geography of the region protect the Egyptian Civilization?
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Main Idea 3
 According to tradition, ____________ rose to power in Upper Egypt and unified
the two kingdoms by taking control of Lower Egypt and marrying a Lower
Egypt princess.
 Menes was probably Egypt’s first ______________, the title used by the rulers of
Egypt.
 He founded Egypt’s first ____________, or series of rulers from the same family.
 The First Dynasty lasted for about ___________ years and extended Egyptian
territory southward along the Nile.
****Fact Check****
Describe how the Egyptian civilization developed.
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Besides providing a stable and varied food diet, what other advantages
did Egypt’s location provide for early Egyptians?
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What is the single most important geographic feature that influenced
the development of the Egyptian civilization?
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Chapter 4, Section 2: The Old Kingdom
The Big Idea: _______________________________________________________________________________
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Main Ideas:
1. _________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _________________________________________________________________________________________
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Main Idea 1:
 The ________ _______________ was a period in which the Egyptians developed a
system based on the belief that the Pharaoh was both a king and a god.
 As population grew, __________ ____________ appeared.
 Egypt began to trade goods with its neighbors.
Egyptian Society
 Pharaohs ruled as __________.
 Many ____________, or people from rich and powerful families, were officials
and priests who helped run the government.
 _______________ and craftspeople wrote and produced goods.
 ______________, servants, and slaves made up most of Egyptian Society.
****Fact Check****Who would the people of Egypt blame if crops did not grow
or disease struck?_________________________________________________________________________
Main Idea 2: Religion Shaped Egyptian
 The Egyptians had gods for nearly everything including the sun, the sky, and
the earth. These gods would often mix human and animal forms.
 Egyptian religion focused on the _________________, or life after death. They
believed that when a person died, his ______ left the body and became a spirit.
 They developed __________________ to preserve bodies and keep the link
between the body and the spirit. The specially treated bodies wrapped in
cloth were called _____________________.
****Fact Check****The process for preserving dead bodies was called ___________
Describe the burial practices of the Egyptians________________________________
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Main Idea 3: The Pyramids were built as Tombs for the Pharaohs
 _________________ are huge stone tombs with four triangular sides that meet in
a point on the top.
 Pyramids displayed amazing __________________, or the application of scientific
knowledge for practical purposes.
 The size and shape of the pyramids showed the _________________ of the
pharaohs. They were the people’s link to the gods, so the Egyptians wanted
their spirits to be happy.
****Final Fact Check**** The Purpose of the Pyramids was________________________
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What was the most important or central belief in the Egyptian religion?
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The most famous Pharaoh of the Old Kingdom was _________________________
Chapter 4, Section 3: The Middle and New Kingdoms
The Big Idea: _______________________________________________________________________________
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Main Ideas:
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
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2. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. _____________________________________________________________________________________________
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Main Idea 1:
 Following a period of _________________ for power between the nobles and the
pharaohs, the Middle Kingdom began.
 Egypt fell into disorder around 1750 BC. A group called the ___________
invaded and ruled the region for 200 years.
 The Egyptians fought back, and _____________ of Thebes declared himself king
and drove the Hyksos out of Egypt, beginning the New Kingdom.
****Fact Check**** What group took over Egypt in the Middle Kingdom?
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Main Idea 2:
 Fearing future _______________, the Egyptians took control of all possible
invasion roots into the kingdom and created a permanent army.
 Egypt took over vast lands and was the leading ______________ power in the
area.
 Egypt became rich because of the lands it ________________________.
Growth and Effects of Trade
 Conquests brought traders into contact with distant lands, and __________
____________ , or paths followed by traders, developed.
 _____________ ________________________ encouraged trade and used the profits to
support the arts and architecture.
 Led by __________________ the _______________, Egypt fought invaders for many
years, leaving their empire diminished.
****Fact Check**** What factor contributed most to the growth of trade in the
New Kingdom? _____________________________________________________________________________
What effect did Egypt’s military strength have on the economy?
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Main Idea 3:
 The complex society required people to take on many different kinds of ______
 ____________ life was very important in the Egyptian society, and most
Egyptians lived in their own homes.
 _______________ had many legal rights, including owing property, making
contracts, and divorcing their husbands.
Egyptian Jobs
 _________________ : Few people were more respected than these people who
wrote in hieroglyphics. They did not have to pay taxes, and became wealthy.
 __________________, ________________, and ________________________ : These jobs
required advanced skills and were very admired.
 _____________________ and ___________________: Although trade was so important,
few held these positions. Some had to travel very long distances to buy and
sell goods.
 __________________: Egypt created a permanent army and these men had the
chance to rise in social status and receive land as payment.
 _________________ and __________________: The vast majority of the population.
They grew crops to support their families and pay taxes.
 _________________: Usually criminals or prisoners. They had some legal rights,
however.
**** Final Fact Check**** What was the most common job in Egypt?______________
What queen helped expand Egypt’s trade?_____________________________________________
What was Ramses the Great known for?________________________________________________
How were women’s rights different than other places?______________________________
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