Download Explorers - St. Matthew School

CHAPTER 5
“The Age of Exploration”
Social Studies
How Europeans saw the world



People only knew of three
continents—Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Some thought it was impossible to
sail across the ocean.
Technology—knowledge used for
making things.
Early World Maps
World Map 1595
World Map
Reasons for Exploration

GOD
• Exploration as a way to spread
Christianity
• Duty to convert all non-Christians to
Christians

GLORY
• Fame and fortune

GOLD
• Trade with Asia
• Riches = spices, fine silks, and gems
REVIEW of Technological
Developments



“Navigate”-to chart the course of a
journey.
“Astrolabe”- to measure latitude
But designed for land
Technological Developments

Cross-staff used to figure latitude
more accurately
Technological Developments




Square-rigged sails.
Hold their own against tossing waves
during short trips along the coast.
Only sail in the same direction as the
wind.
Could not make long voyages
without being blown off course.
Square rigged sail
Lateen Sails

Catch winds from the sides and from
the rear of a ship.
Caravel


Portuguese
The rudder made it possible to steer
the ships without oarsmen.
Rudder
Weapons


Carried swords, spears, bows, and
armor on ships.
As technology improved….
• Guns
• Cannons
Ch 5: Lesson 2 “Portuguese
and Spanish Exploration”


Portuguese
Spanish Exploration
Spanish/Portuguese Explorers

Spain
•
•
•
•
•
•
Columbus
Vasco Nunez de Balboa
Magellan
Cortes
Coronado
Hernando de Soto

Portugal
• Henry
• Bartolomeu Dias
• Vasco da Gama
Explorer Chart
Explorer Country Date Accomplishment
Spice Route


Couldn’t use straight easy route due to
armed Muslim control.
Forced Europeans to find sea routes to
Asia.
Portugal




Henry the
Navigator (p.109)
In charge of
finding a sea route
to Asia
Wanted to go
south to the Indian
Ocean.
Died in 1460
Bartholomeu Dias (p. 110)

Rounded the
southern tip of
Africa in 1488
Vasco da Gama (p. 110)



Sailed all the way
around Africa to
India.
Lasted over two
years.
Succeeded in
opening trade
route to Asia for
Portugal.
Vasco da Gama
Early Spanish Exploration




Christopher
Columbus (p.110)
From Genoa, Italy
Knew Portugal was
sailing to Asia by
going around
Africa.
Believed that the
shortest route was
west.
Little known fact is that
Christopher Columbus never
posed for a portrait in his lifetime.
The many images of Columbus
I’m
Christopher
Columbus
NO! I’m
Christopher
Columbus
NO! I’m
Christopher
Columbus
NO! I’m
Christopher
Columbus
Columbus



Spent eight years trying to get
European rulers to pay for his
voyage.
Finally 1492, King Ferdinand and
Queen Isabella of Spain gave him
the money.
The king and queen wanted to
spread Spanish power and get some
of the Asian riches like Portugal.
Columbus Voyages


Left Spain on August 3, 1492
Set course straight across Atlantic
west.
Columbus hits land!!


October 12, Columbus landed on a
tiny Caribbean island that is today
one of the Bahama Islands.
He named it “San Salvador”—Holy
Savior.
Columbus meets the natives


Columbus call the Taino people there
“Indios” or Indians because he
believed he had reached the Indies.
OH SNAP!!!!!!
But……………..
• He only landed in the Caribbean and not
in India!!!
Columbus’ other voyages



Returned to Spain in 1493 with six
Taino captives, plants and gold for
Spanish rulers.
So impressed they sent him back
three more times, 1493, 1498, and
1502.
But failed to find the riches of Asia.
He never knew that he had found a
continent new to the Europeans
called…….
The new continent




…….America!!!!
Named after the
Italian map maker
Amerigo Vespucci.
But, did you know
that Columbus was
not the first to
discover America?
The first to discover
America was…….
The first to discover America was…

You are correct!
• The Vikings!
• 500 Years Earlier!
And…


..in 1421
The Chinese fleet landed in America
about 71 years before Columbus!!
Explorers After Columbus


1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa (p. 114)
crossed Panama on foot and arrived
at the Pacific Ocean.
Another ocean stood between Spain
and the Indies!
Are you gellin’?



1521 Ferdinand Magellan (p. 114) became
the first European to sail west across the
Pacific.
Crew continued west from Asia, retuning
to Spain in 1522.
Completed first trip around the world!
The search for GOLD



Even though America
was not Asia, the
Spanish kept searching
for riches.
1519, Hernan Cortés
(p. 114) went to
Mexico, believing there
were huge gold mines.
Went to the capital city
of the Aztecs.
Cortés



Cortés and his army took the Aztecs’
gold and jewels.
Destroyed the buildings.
On the ruins, he built Mexico City,
which became the capital of a
Spanish empire.
Coronado and de Soto

Francisco Coronado
did not find gold,
but claimed land in
southern North
America for Spain.
Francisco Coronado (p. 115)
Hernando de Soto (p. 115)
Hernan Cortes
Hernando de Soto
Francisco Coronado
•Cortes, de Soto, and Coronado were three of the
most notable conquistadors
•Conquistador is Spanish for “conqueror”
Spanish Conquest
Name that Explorer




Conquered Aztecs and
built Mexico City
1st European to sail
around the world
Sailed for Spain and
believed he landed in
the Indies
Claimed land in
southern North
America
Hernan Cortes
Ferdinand Magellan
Christopher Columbus
Francisco Coronado
Name that Explorer



Rounded the southern
tip of Africa
Bartolomeu Dias
Sailed all the way
around Africa to India
Vasco da Gama
Called the natives
Indians because he
thought he was in the
Indies
Christopher Columbus
Explorer Chart
Explorer Country Date Accomplishment
Henry the
Navigator
Portugal
?
Ordered experts at Sagres to
find a sea route to Asia
Dias
Portugal
1488
Rounded south tip Africa
Da Gama
Portugal
1497
Rounded Africa to India
Columbus
Spain
1492
Landed/discovered America
De Balboa
Spain
1513
Discovered Pacific Ocean
Magellan
Spain
1521
1st European to sail around
world
Cortes
Spain
1519
Conquered Aztecs, built
Mexico City
Coronado
Spain
1500’s Claimed land in Southern
North America for Spain
Lesson 2 HW Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Da Gama succeeded in establishing a trade route
with who and for which country?
Columbus was considered a failure at his death
because?
The Spanish explored the Americas and conquered
native Indian peoples in search of what?
Which groups of people discovered the Americas
before Columbus?
Columbus became convinced that the shortest route
to Asia or the Indies was where?
How did Prince Henry the Navigator’s experience’s in
North Africa influence him to look for a route to Asia?
Spanish and Portuguese Explorer map





Label: Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, South America, India,
Portugal, Spain, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and
The Silk Road
Use different colors or type of lines or materials such as dotted,
dash, or combo to show the route of each of the explorers:
Dias
Cortes
Da Gama
Coronado
Columbus
DeSoto
Magellan
Create a Key/Legend to explain the makings
Mount your map to 9”x12” construction paper
Color and decorate your map
Ch 5: Lesson 3 “French,
Dutch, and English Voyages”
Exploration of North America





Why explore North America?
Exploration made Spain and Portugal rich!
French, Dutch, English also wanted to be
rich!
Portugal controlled routes to Asia, Africa
and part of South America.
Spain claimed Central America and the
rest of South America.
Therefore everyone else went north to
seek fame and fortune.
Land Claims 1763
French Voyages




1524 Giovanni da Verrazano from
Italy.
Searched for the legendary
“Northwest Passage”
Legendary water route to China
through North America
Verrazano landed near North
Carolina and mapped the coast up to
Maine.
Verrazzano
Northwest Passage
Jacques Cartier



Jacques Cartier
Searched for NW
Passage in 1535
Discovered
Montreal, Canada
Cartier’s route from France
Dutch Voyages


The Dutch are from a country called
Netherlands.
Started exploring 100 years after
Columbus.
Henry Hudson




1609 from
England.
Looked for NW
Passage.
Hudson river
named after him
near New York.
Setup trading
posts in Albany
and New York City.
English Voyages


1497, Italian sea captain John Cabot
Found an island he called, “New
Found Land”
Sir Francis Drake




1577, Drake sent on secret voyage
by Queen Elizabeth.
Stole from Spanish ships and trading
centers and loaded his ship with
Rrrrr!
treasures.
Became the first Englishman to sail
around the world.
Known as “El Draque” from old
Spanish as The Dragon.
Drake
Drake, like many explorers cared more about wealth and glory
than about settling new land.
Impact on American Indians

Europeans got…
• Gold, silver, furs,
fish.
• Corn, potatoes,
cocoa, pumpkins

Indians got…
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bananas
Cattle
Chickens
Horses
Pigs
Sheep
American Indians also got…

Contagious disease
• Sickness that spread from one person to
another.
• Killed thousands of Indians.
• By 1650, smallpox killed ¾ of Indians.
Slavery




Force and violence by Europeans also
killed thousands of Indians.
Indians forced to work long hours on
farms and mines.
Many died of exhaustion.
Also forced many Indians to become
Christian.
Increasing hostility…



1600’s more and more Europeans
were coming and settling in America.
Fights and trouble grew.
Europeans began claiming more land
that belonged to the Indians the past
thousand years.
French, Dutch, and English
Explorer Chart
Explorer Country Date Accomplishment
Verrazano
France
1524
Mapped coast up to Maine
Cartier
France
1535
Discovered Montreal, Canada
Hudson
Netherland
1609
Set up trading posts in NY
Cabot
England
1497
Discovered Newfoundland
1577
1st Englishman to sail around
the world
Drake
England
So….



The English, Dutch, and French
started exploring because……..
What did the early explorations of
Spain and Portugal teach the English,
Dutch and French?
What did contagious diseases do to
Native Americans?
Lesson 3 HW Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What was the Northwest Passage?
Francis Drake sailed for who and
accomplished what?
What was Henry Hudson’s accomplishment?
What was the impact of contagious diseases
upon the Native Americans?
Other than diseases, how else did the Native
Americans die?
What did the French, Dutch, and English
explorers learn from the earlier voyages of
Spanish and Portuguese explorers?
Discussion Questions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What were the three main reasons
Europeans decided to explore?
Compare the triangular lateen sail with
the old square rigged sail.
Columbus was convinced that the
shortest route to Asia, or the Indies was
where?
How did Vasco da Gama sail all the way
to India?
Eventually da Gama set up a direct trade
route with who?
Discussion Questions
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Why did the Europeans want to set up a
trade route with Asia?
Columbus was considered a failure at the
time of his death because?
The Spanish explored the Americas and
conquered native Indian peoples in
search of what?
What was the most important result of
Portuguese exploration?
Magellan and Drake were the first to do
what?
Discussion Questions
11.
12.
13.
14.
Explain the Northwest Passage.
Why did Columbus call the Taino people
Indians?
What did the introduction of contagious
diseases from European explorers do to
Native Indians?
Which group of people were the first to
discover the Americas?