Download MED 268: Cardiac Drugs Lecture Worksheet #4

MED 268: Cardiac Drugs Lecture Worksheet #4
1. __________________ therapy is used to reduce preload in both acute and chronic conditions.
2. _______________ diuretics promote loss of total body fluid and venous vasodilation to reduce
preload.
3. Loop diuretics have a rapid onset and short duration of action and are called
______________________ diuretics.
4. Bumex, ___________ and Demadex are examples of Loop diuretics.
5. Thiazide diuretics inhibit ________________________ of sodium and chloride in the distal
tubule to increase diuresis.
6. Thiazide diuretics are considered _________________________ diuretics because an increased
effectiveness occurs in higher doses.
7. General side effects of thiazide diuretic therapy include: _______________________,
hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, __________________________, dizziness and decreased
glomerular filtration in the kidneys because of hypovolemia.
8. Metolazone, Chlorothiazide and Hydrochlorothiazide are examples of ____________________
diuretics.
9. ______________ ________________ inhibitors are a new emergency medication agent used to
treat hypertension by impacting the RAAS.
10. A 1% reduction in total ________________________ reduces the incidence of cardiac events by
2%.
11. A primary goal in the management of coronary heart disease is the ____________________ of
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
12. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are the most potent for reducing _____________.
13. Other agents that substantially lower LDL-C are bile acid resins and ___________________
_________.
14. The most effective agents for ___________________ triglyceride and HDL-C levels are nicotinic
acid and fibrates.
MED 268: Cardiac Drugs Lecture Worksheet #4
15. _______________ have a fixed-dose effect but do not have the irritating side effects associated
with nicotinic acid.
16. Bile acid sequestrants combine with ___________ ________________ in the intestine and form
an insoluble complex that is excreted in feces.
17. Another name for bile acid sequestrants is ________________.
18. _______________________ is the most common and troublesome side effect for bile acid
sequestrants.
19. Bile acid sequestrants have the potential to ________________ the absorption of several
medications, including digoxin, warfarin, thiazide diuretics, and thyroxin.
20. Niacin dilates the cutaneous blood vessels and __________________ ___________
__________to the face, neck and chest.
21. Niacin was the first lipid-lowering agent shown to ________________ mortality in myocardial
infarction patients.
22. Decreased VLDL-C production is one of the primary ______________ of niacin.
23. Fibrates decrease hepatic ___________________ production and are the drug of choice for type
III hyperlipidemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
24. The combination of fibrates and statins raises safety concerns because of the potential for
______________ and overt rhabdomyolysis.
25. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are also known as ______________.
26. The most active time for cholesterol biosynthesis is during the very early morning hours so it is
recommended these medications be taken at ________________.
27. Higher doses of the most potent statins are generally needed to ________________ triglyceride
levels.
28. ______________________ at the maximal dose has the greatest LDL-C lowering effect of all the
HMG-CoA reduction inhibitors.
MED 268: Cardiac Drugs Lecture Worksheet #4
29. ________________ juice contains an agent that slows the activity of the liver enzymes that
metabolizes statins, so patients should be warned to not drink grapefruit juice while taking an
HMG-CoA inhibitor.
30. Statins are contraindicated in patients with acute or chronic ____________ disease.