Download mental illness

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Mental Health and Mental Illness
1. Identify seven characteristics of mental health
Define the following term:
mental health
the normal functioning of emotional and intellectual abilities.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
1. Identify seven characteristics of mental health
These are the characteristics of a person who is mentally
healthy:
• Gets along with others
• Adapts to change
• Cares for self and others
• Gives and accepts love
• Deals with situations that cause anxiety, disappointment, and
frustration
• Takes responsibility for decisions, feelings, and actions
• Controls and fulfills desires and impulses appropriately
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
2. Identify four causes of mental illness
Define the following terms:
mental illness
a disease that affects a person’s ability to function at a
normal level in the family, home, or community.
situation response
a temporary condition that has symptoms like those of
mental illness; possible causes include a personal crisis,
temporary physical changes in the brain, side effects from
medications, interactions among medications, and severe
change in the environment.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
2. Identify four causes of mental illness
The following conditions may cause or worsen mental illness:
• Physical factors such as illness, disability, aging, substance
abuse, or chemical imbalance
• Environmental factors such as weak family relationships or
traumatic childhood experiences
• Heredity or family influence
• Stress, including coping abilities
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
3. Distinguish between fact and fallacy concerning mental illness
Define the following term:
fallacy
a false belief.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
3. Distinguish between fact and fallacy concerning mental illness
REMEMBER:
Mental illness is a disease like any other physical illness. People
who are mentally ill cannot simply choose to be well.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
3. Distinguish between fact and fallacy concerning mental illness
REMEMBER:
Mental illness and intellectual disability are not the same.
Intellectual disability is a developmental disability that causes
below-average mental functioning. It is not a type of mental
illness. One common point, however, is that residents with both
conditions will need emotional support in addition to care and
treatment.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
4. Explain the connection between mental and physical wellness
REMEMBER:
Being mentally healthy can reduce stress and prevent some
physical diseases. The reverse of this statement is also true.
Mentally ill residents may experience high levels of stress that
can affect their physical health.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
4. Explain the connection between mental and physical wellness
Think about this question:
What stress-reducing techniques do you find effective in your
own life?
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
5. List guidelines for communicating with mentally ill residents
NAs should remember these guidelines for communicating with
residents who are mentally ill:
• Do not talk to adults as if they were children.
• Use simple, clear statements and normal tone of voice.
• Communicate respect and concern.
• Sit or stand at a normal distance. Use posture that says you
are listening (body language).
• Be honest and direct.
• Avoid arguments.
• Maintain eye contact.
• Listen carefully.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
6. Identify and define common defense mechanisms
Define the following term:
defense mechanisms
unconscious behaviors used to release tension or cope with
stress.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
6. Identify and define common defense mechanisms
NAs should be familiar with these defense mechanisms:
• Denial
• Projection
• Displacement
• Rationalization
• Repression
• Regression
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
7. Describe the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and
schizophrenia
Define the following terms:
anxiety
uneasiness or fear, often about a situation or condition.
phobias
an intense form of anxiety or fear.
claustrophobia
the fear of being in a confined space.
panic disorder
a disorder in which a person has repeated episodes of intense
fear that something bad will occur.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
7. Describe the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and
schizophrenia
Define the following terms:
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior
or thoughts.
post-traumatic stress disorder
an anxiety disorder caused by a traumatic experience.
apathy
a lack of interest in activities.
major depressive disorder
a type of depression that causes withdrawal, lack of
energy, and loss of interest in activities, as well as other
symptoms; also called major depression.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
7. Describe the symptoms of anxiety, depression, and
schizophrenia
Define the following terms:
bipolar disorder
a type of depression that causes a person to swing from
periods of deep depression to periods of extreme activity;
also called manic-depressive illness.
schizophrenia
a form of mental illness that affects a person’s ability to think,
communicate, make decisions, and understand reality.
paranoid schizophrenia
a form of mental illness characterized by hallucinations and
delusions.
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Transparency 20-1: Mental Diagnosis 1
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Transparency 20-2: Mental Diagnosis 2
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Transparency 20-3: Mental Diagnosis 3
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
8. Explain how mental illness is treated
Define the following term:
psychotherapy
a method of treating mental illness that involves talking
about one’s problems with mental health professionals.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
8. Explain how mental illness is treated
Mental illness can be treated. The following are common
treatments:
• Medication
• Psychotherapy
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
8. Explain how mental illness is treated
REMEMBER:
Residents with mental illness have the right to participate in the
planning of their care.
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Transparency 20-4: NA’s Role in Caring for the Mentally Ill
• Observe residents carefully for changes. Document and
report.
• Support the resident and family.
• Encourage residents to do as much for themselves as
possible.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
9. Explain the nursing assistant’s role in caring for residents who
are mentally ill
Home Care Focus
A stable home environment is important in managing many
forms of mental illness. An HHA may be assigned to provide the
following services:
• Food shopping, meal planning, and preparation
• Housecleaning and laundry
• Assistance with ADLs and personal care
• Caring for children and other family members.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
9. Explain the nursing assistant’s role in caring for residents who
are mentally ill
Home Care Focus
REMEMBER:
By assisting the family with meeting their basic needs, the HHA
helps the recovery process.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
10. Identify important observations that should be made and
reported
NAs should observe and report the following in residents with
mental illness:
• Changes in ability
• Positive or negative mood changes (withdrawal)
• Behavior changes
• Comments about hurting self or others (including jokes)
• Real or imagined physical symptoms
• Events, situations, or people that provoke certain reactions
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
11. List the signs of substance abuse
Define the following term:
substance abuse
the repeated use of legal or illegal drugs, cigarettes, or
alcohol in a way that is harmful to oneself or others.
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Transparency 20-5: Signs of Substance Abuse
• Changes in physical appearance (red eyes, dilated pupils,
weight loss)
• Changes in personality (moodiness, strange behavior,
disruption of routines, lying)
• Irritability
• Odor of cigarettes, liquor, or other substances on breath or
clothes
• Diminished sense of smell
• Unexplained changes in vital signs
• Loss of appetite
• Inability to function normally
• Need for money
• Confusion or forgetfulness
• Blackouts or memory loss
• Frequent accidents
• Problems with family or friends
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
11. List the signs of substance abuse
REMEMBER:
Illegal drugs are not the only substances that are abused. Overthe-counter and prescription medications can be abused if taken
incorrectly or excessively.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
11. List the signs of substance abuse
Think about this question:
What substances commonly found in the home could be abused?
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
11. List the signs of substance abuse
REMEMBER:
Residents who do not have doctors’ orders against drinking
alcohol and who live in a facility where alcoholic beverages are
allowed may drink alcohol if they wish to do so. NAs should not
make judgments or gossip.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer.
1. A person who is mentally healthy
(A) Can control and fulfill impulses appropriately
(B) Is unlikely to have relationships with others
(C) Cannot deal with stress well
(D) Does not take responsibility for decisions
2.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of mental illness?
(A) Adapting to change
(B) Getting along with others
(C) Controlling impulses
(D) Regularly being agitated
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
3.
Mental illness can be made worse by
(A) Eating a diet heavy in red meat and other animal-based proteins
(B) A strong sense of self-respect
(C) Taking prescribed medications
(D) Substance abuse
4.
Which of the following statements is true about mental illness?
(A) People with mental illness can control their symptoms.
(B) Mental illness is a disease like any physical illness.
(C) Mentally healthy persons are unable to control their emotions.
(D) Mental illness rarely disrupts a person’s ability to function.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
5.
One guideline for communicating with mentally ill residents is to
(A) Talk to adults like they are children if they do not understand what is
being said
(B) Maintain eye contact and listen closely
(C) Stand really close to residents
(D) Argue with residents if what they are saying is not true
6.
Which of the following is true of defense mechanisms?
(A) They are a type of mental illness.
(B) Anyone who uses them is likely to become mentally ill at some point.
(C) People who are mentally ill do not use them.
(D) They help a person cope with stress.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
7.
Telling your coworker, “Let’s throw spitballs at our boss,” is an example of
which kind of defense mechanism?
(A) Displacement
(B) Regression
(C) Rationalization
(D) Projection
8.
A coworker gets the promotion that an NA has wanted for a long time.
When a friend asks if the NA is upset, he says, “No, not at all.” This is an
example of
(A) Denial
(B) Displacement
(C) Regression
(D) Projection
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
9.
Signs and symptoms of clinical depression include
(A) Apathy
(B) Intense hunger
(C) Sudden chest pain
(D) Breath that smells fruity
10. A ______ is an intense form of anxiety.
(A) Phobia
(B) Coping mechanism
(C) Fallacy
(D) Situation response
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
11. Which of the following is an appropriate way for an NA to care for a
mentally ill resident?
(A) The NA should do everything for the resident.
(B) The NA should administer the resident’s medication.
(C) The NA should support the resident and his family and friends.
(D) The NA should encourage the resident to stop being mentally ill and
just get better.
12. Which of the following statements about observing mentally ill residents is
true?
(A) An NA does not need to report a comment about suicide as long as it is
a joke.
(B) An NA needs to report changes in mood.
(C) Withdrawal does not need to be reported.
(D) Imagined physical symptoms do not need to be reported.
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
15. The
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
fear of being in a confined space is called
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Obsessive compulsive disorder
Claustrophobia
Schizophrenia
16. A brain disorder that affects a person’s ability to think clearly and
understand reality is
(A) Clinical depression
(B) Claustrophobia
(C) Bipolar disorder
(D) Schizophrenia
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
Exam
17. An anxiety-related disorder that is characterized by repetitive thoughts or
behavior is
(A) Generalized anxiety disorder
(B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
(C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
(D) Panic disorder
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
CHAPTER 20 PRACTICE
1.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
2.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
3.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of mental illness?
Adapting to change
Getting along with others
Controlling impulses
Regularly being agitated
One guideline for communicating with mentally ill residents is to
Talk to adults like they are children if they do not understand what is being said
Maintain eye contact and listen closely
Stand really close to residents
Argue with residents if what they are saying is not true.
Which of the following is a common set of treatments for mental illness?
Electroconvulsive (shock) therapy and psychosurgery
Medication and psychotherapy
Psychotherapy and psychosurgery
Medication and electroconvulsive (shock) therapy
An anxiety-related disorder that is characterized by repetitive thoughts or behavior is
Generalized anxiety disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Panic disorder
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
CHAPTER 20 PRACTICE
1. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of mental illness?
(A) Adapting to change
(B) Getting along with others
(C) Controlling impulses
(D) Regularly being agitated
2. One guideline for communicating with mentally ill residents is to
(A) Talk to adults like they are children if they do not understand what is being said
(B) Maintain eye contact and listen closely
(C) Stand really close to residents
(D) Argue with residents if what they are saying is not true.
3. Which of the following is a common set of treatments for mental illness?
(A) Electroconvulsive (shock) therapy and psychosurgery
(B) Medication and psychotherapy
(C) Psychotherapy and psychosurgery
(D) Medication and electroconvulsive (shock) therapy
4. An anxiety-related disorder that is characterized by repetitive thoughts or behavior is
(A) Generalized anxiety disorder
(B) Post-traumatic stress disorder
(C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder
(D) Panic disorder
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Mental Health and Mental Illness
CHAPTER 20 PRACTICE ANSWERS
1.
2.
3.
4.
D-REGULARLY BEING AGITATED
B-MAINTAIN EYE CONTACT AND LISTEN CAREFULLY
B-MEDICATION AND PSYCHOTHERAPY
C-OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER