Download China - AP World History

CHINA
DAY 1: MING DYNASTY
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
• 1. In what ways did the
Ming Ding dynasty make
China more stable?
• 2. What was the primary
role of Zheng He for the
Ming Dynasty?
MING DYNASTY
• Hongwu expels Mongol forces
from China – 1368
• Believed traditions & institutions
bring stability to China
• Confucianism
• Restores China’s power and
prosperity
• Increase rice production & irrigation
• Rise of fish farming, cotton & sugar
cane industry
Hongwu
MING DYNASTY
• Stability, plentiful food led to significant population growth
• Instituted civil service exams
• Eliminated anyone challenging authority
BEFORE EUROPEAN EXPLORATION
• Ming gov’t sponsors 7 voyages
(1405-1433)
• Impress foreign people w/ its power
• 317 ships w/ 28,000 armed troops
• Led by Zheng He – travels to SE Asia,
India, & Africa
• Distributes silver & silk for diplomacy
& to show China’s superiority
• Voyages discontinued b/c voyages
thought as wasteful spending –
want money to go to defense.
TREASURE SHIP
• Treasure ships” – could hold 500+ people
ZHENG HE’S TRAVELS
CHINA
DAY 2: MING DYNASTY
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
• 1. To what extent did the
Ming Dynasty embrace
isolationist policies?
• 2. What factors led to the
decline of the Ming
Dynasty?
LEAVE US ALONE!
• Isolationist policies
• Restrict foreign travel and trade
(only 3 ports)
• Preserve Chinese culture
• Government sponsored study
of Chinese cultural traditions,
especially Confucianism
• Great Wall of China
• Defend against northern Mongols
THE GREAT WALL OF CHINA
(DO NOT WRITE DOWN)
• Use of smoke signals to
communicate messages
• Built mainly of stone, dirt,
wood, and mud
• The Wall served well. Only
when a dynasty had
weakened from within,
were invaders from the
north able to advance
and conquer
DECLINE OF THE MING
• After 200 years
• Ineffective rulers
• Corrupt officials
• Government bankrupt
• High taxes and bad harvests lead to
rebellion
• Manchus invade China (2nd time foreigners rule)
• Take the name Qing or “pure”
CHINA
DAY 3: CONFUCIANISM
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• 1. To what extent does
Confucianism create
social harmony?
CONFUCIUS
• Influence: 4th century BC
• Scholarly life teaching
history, music, & moral
character
• Lived during a time of
crisis/violence in China
• Goal: restore social order,
harmony, & a good gov’t
• Ideas collected in the
Analects
FIVE RELATIONSHIPS FOR HARM
• 1. ruler & subject
• 2. father & son
• 3. husband & wife
• 4. older brother & younger brother
• 5. friend & friend
• Example: Rulers should practice kindness. In
return, subjects should be loyal.
KEY CONCEPTS
• Ren “benevolence” in
accordance with:
• Li – ritual norms
• Shu – reciprocity
• Zhong – loyalty
• Xiao – filial piety
• This equals the: de (virtue)
CONFUCIUS AND GOVERNMENT
• Goal: show rulers how to govern wisely
• Education transforms a humbly born person into
a gentleman
• Money corrupts
• Lays the groundwork for a bureaucracy
• A religion or philosophical system or both?
CHINA
DAY 4: QING DYNASTY
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• 1. How did the Manchus
institute their own culture
and prevent the West
from “polluting” theirs
own?
QING DYNASTY
• Uphold Confucian beliefs and
structures
• Manchus just 2% of the population
• Gave lower military and government
jobs to Chinese
• A New “Sheriff in Town”
• Forbid intermarriage
• Force Manchu hairstyles as sign of
loyalty – queue
• Mandate study of Manchu language by
Chinese
QING DYNASTY
• Continued isolationist policies
• Not impressed by Western advancements
• Believed Chinese culture was superior
• Self-sufficient society
• Healthy agricultural economy
• Extensive mining & manufacturing industries
• Produced silks, cottons, porcelain
CHINA
DAY 5: QING DYNASTY
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• 1. Explain how opium
impacted isolationism and
trade in Qing China
TRADING
• Qing enjoyed a favorable
balance of trade
• Strong European demand for silk,
porcelain, and tea
• Britain: Use opium instead of silver
• 1835: 12 million Chinese users
• Opium War of 1839:
• Britain’s steam-powered gunboats
overpower China’s outdated ships
• Treaty gives Britain Hong Kong &
trading rights
CHINA
DAY 6: QING DYNASTY
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
• 1. How did foreign powers
gradually come to control
China’s economy?
DECLINE OF THE QING
• Taiping Rebellion (1830s)– Desire to
use China’s wealth to prevent
anyone from living in poverty
• British & French end rebellion
• 20+ million Chinese dead
• Foreign countries take advantage
of weakened state & attack China
• Negotiate treaty to give nations control
over China’s economy
SPHERES OF INFLUENCE
• DEFINED: A region in which
a state has political,
economic, or cultural
influence over.
• US declares Open Door Policy –
allows China’s “doors” to be
open to merchants of all nations
• Protects China from colonization,
but still puts Qing at mercy of
foreign powers
DECLINE OF THE QING
• Debate among Chinese: Preserve ways or
modernize
• European missionaries convert Chinese
• Boxer Rebellion: 1900: surround European section
for months
• Rebel against the West
• Multinational forces squash rebellion
• Decades of instability w/internal & external threats
• Not until the mid-1900s that China progresses