Download What are non-communicable diseases?

How can you prevent cardiovascular
disease?


A disease that is not transmitted by another
person, vector, or the environment
Habits and behaviors can increase or decrease
risk

Cardiovascular system
Transports blood to all parts of body

Blood carries oxygen and nutrients- without
receiving these cells in your body would die

Cardiovascular diseaseDisease that affects the heart or blood vessels
Can interfere with pumping of heart or
movement of blood through the vessels
 Silent killer
no symptoms in early stages


http://video.about.com/heartdisease/HeartAttack.htm


CVD- responsible for 40% of all deaths in the
US
You can reduce your risk by
Avoiding tobacco
 Physical activity
 Maintaining healthy weight
 Avoiding high fat foods


Blood pressure
The force of blood created by the heart’s contractions
and the resistance of the vessel walls

Hypertension



high blood pressure (BP)
BP is continually above the normal range for a
particular person
Heart, blood vessels, and other organs can be
damaged if HTN continues


Have BP check regularly
Treated with medication, weight management,
physical activity, and proper nutrition





Healthy lining of blood vessel= smooth and
elastic
Fatty substance in blood can build up on artery
walls causing them to thicken and lose
elasticity
Def: The process in which plaques accumulate
on artery walls
Due to eating foods with high saturated fat and
cholesterol
Smoke and HTN contribute

A blood clot can form and grow in an area of
plaque an may cause heart attack or stroke
Angina Pectoris
 Chest Pain that results when the heart does not
get enough oxygen
 Sign that heart is temporarily not getting
enough oxygen
Arrhythmias
 Irregular heart beats
 Most are common
(Arrhythmias cont.)
 Some types can be serious
 Ventricular fibrillation- electrical impulses
become rapid
 Commonly followed by sudden cardiac arrest,
heart stops beating, death can follow in
minutes
Heart Attack
 Damage to the heat muscle caused by blocked
blood supply
 Most are sudden with intense chest pain
 Start slow with mild pain or discomfort which
is mistaken for indigestion.
 Ventricular fibrillation can follow
 Immediate response to warning signs can save
a life
Congestive Heart Failure
 The heart gradually becomes weaker to the
point that it cannot maintain its regular
pumping rate and force
 Can be a result of high blood pressure,
atherosclerosis, a heart valve defect, illegal
drug use, or other factors
 Can be managed with medications, good
nutrition, and physical activity

http://video.about.com/heartdisease/Congest
ive-Heart-Failure.htm
Stroke
 Occurs when blockage prevents blood flow to
the brain
 Effects different parts of the body depending
on the part of the brain that is deprived of
oxygen
 Also occurs from a cerebral hemorrhage- blood
vessel in the brain bursts causing blood to
spread into surrounding brain tissue
EKG
 Graph of electrical activity of heart
MRI
 Magnetic resonance imaging
 Produces images of internal body organs
 Can identify heart damage
Coronary Bypass
 A healthy vain is removed from leg or chest to
create a detour around a blocked artery
Angioplasty
 A tube with a balloon is inserted into a blocked
artery
 Balloon is inflated, deflated, then removed
 Structure may remain to keep artery open
Medications
 Variety of medicines are available
 Diuretics- lowers fluid balance
 Cholesterol lowering drugs
 Drugs to slow clotting

http://video.nytimes.com/video/2007/04/05
/health/1194817111443/heart-disease-the-no1-killer.html
Pacemaker
 Used to treat irregular heart beat
 Sends steady electrical impulse to trigger
regular heart beat
Why Teens Are at Risk
 CVD can start developing during childhood
 The health behaviors you are practicing now
are affecting your cardiovascular system
Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases
 The more risk factors you have the greater your
chance
 Tobacco use- includes second hand smoke
 High blood pressure
 High cholesterol
 Physical inactivity
 Excess weight
 Stress
 Drug and Alcohol Use
Risk factors You Can’t Control
 Heredity
 Gender- men have a greater risk
 Age- risk increases with age
 Knowing risk factors can help you make
healthy decisions to protect yourself