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Cellular Respiration Notes
If you cannot do _____________________ like all plants, some protists, and some prokaryotes,
you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some
prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume
calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs
of energy. A series of chemical reactions known as _____________________ makes that energy
available to cells.
This process starts in your ___________________________. The large molecules in food are
broken down into small molecules. Proteins become ___________________. Starches become
_____________________. Lipids break down into _____________ and __________________.
The one most important molecule for making energy is a specific sugar, _______________. Your
body can change fats or proteins into glucose if necessary. One physics calorie will increase the
temperature of 1 g water by 1 C. A biology __________ is equal to 1000 physics calories. One
gram of fat produces about ___ Calories; a gram of carbohydrate or of protein produces about ___
Calories. When you need to burn lipids or amino acids, the process is _______________, since it
takes energy to convert them into glucose before you can use them for cellular respiration. When
you convert amino acids into glucose, you also have to remove the ____________ (“deamination”) –
this waste is removed in your urine.
The most important organelle in each cell is your ___________________. Every eukaryotic cell
has mitochondria; the more active the cell is, the more mitochondria it has.
Scientists believe that mitochondria were once _______________, and are now symbiotic with
eukaryotic cells. One piece of evidence for this theory is that mitochondria have their own
________________. This theory is called endosymbiosis.
Outer
Membrane
Cristae
Matrix
There



A ______________________, the
outside layer of the cell.
________________ made of the inner
membrane.
The ________________ fluid inside
the mitochondrion.
are three main steps in cellular respiration.
1. Glycolysis
2. The Krebs Cycle
3. The Electron Transport Chain
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THE STEPS OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION
Name of Step
Where it
Happens
Summary of
What Happens
Reactants
Products
Glycolysis
Glycolysis occurs in
the
______________
Glycolysis means
“____________
_____________”
Glucose is broken in
half.
One molecule of
glucose.
Two “half-glucose”
molecules, called
____________
and a small amount
of _____
Krebs Cycle (also
called the “Citric
Acid Cycle” or
“tricarboxylic
cycle” or “TCA”)
The Krebs Cycle
occurs in the inner
membranes
(____________)
of the
mitochondria.
This is a whole long
series of
complicated
chemical reactions,
involving all sorts of
chemicals –
pyruvate, pyruvic
acid, Acetyl Co-A,
acetate, and many
enzymes
The process starts
where glycolysis
ends, with pyruvate
turned into a new
molecule called
“Acetyl Co-A’
The products
include ______
___________ a
small amount of
______ and a lot of
___________.
The carbon dioxide
is _________.
The electrons are
needed for the
next step.
Like the Krebs
Cycle, it has many
smaller steps. This
is the part of
cellular respiration
which releases the
most __________.
This process starts
with the electrons
released by the
Krebs cycle.
___________ is
also required.
A chemical called
____ is also
required as a
reactant.
The Electron
Transport Chain
This step happens
in the
_____________
of the
mitochondria.
____________ is
also required.
The products of
the electron
transport chain are
_________ and a
large amount of
___.
FERMENTATION:
If there is no oxygen, the Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain can’t happen. Some cells stop
with glycolysis. Some cells perform anaerobic (without oxygen) _______________. Fermentation
creates poisons, like methane gas, lactic acid and ___________________. Some humans make a
lot of money by fermenting ____________ or alcoholic drinks. Making wine or beer involves
fermentation, and eventually kills the yeast.
Remember: lactic acid does not cause muscle soreness! It is caused by
_______________________________________________________.
Important Formulas To Know:
Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide, + Water + Energy
C6H12O6 + O2  CO2 + H2O + E
ADP + E  ATP
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