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Name____________________________________ Date ___________________________ Period____________ Mesopotamia: The Fertile Crescent ◊ _______________________ ____________________ = moon-shaped strip of land from the Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf that is excellent farm land • ◊ Located in modern-day _________________ _______________ ____________________________________= located within the Fertile Crescent, between the Tigris & Euphrates Rivers • Rivers were NOT a _______________________ source of water • Ran dry in summer; flooded in spring • Villages joined together to build dams, ________________________, and ditches ◊ People from Asia arrived in Mesopotamia ◊ Formed 12 __________________________________ = the city and the land surrounding it • Considered the world’s 1st cities ◊ Created ______________________________= stepped pyramids with a temple at the top ◊ Sumerians shared common culture, language, and religion ◊ City-states ___________________________ ◊ Were ______________________________ = kings served as both government leaders AND high priests ◊ Laws regulated the roles of women & men men had far more rights ◊ __________________________________ = Sumerian system of writing • ◊ The symbols represented complex ideas ____________________________ were trained to read & write documents and stories • ◊ themselves Epic of Gilgamesh = oldest story in the world Practiced ____________________________________ = belief in more than one god • Each city-state had its own _____________________ • Negative outlook on life and the afterlife • Believed gods were selfish and had no regard for humans ◊ Sumerian Inventions: _________________ _______________, arch, potter’s wheel, sundial, 12month calendar, metal plow ◊ First Mesopotamian Empires: The Akkadians ◊ Empire under ______________________________ Kingdom was called Akkad Conquered & united all of the ____________________________ city-states Empire fell apart after his & his grandson’s death First Mesopotamian Empires: Babylon Ruled by_______________________________ Strict Code of Laws = Hammurabi’s greatest achievement Rules and consequences that addressed daily life Law code covered entire region of __________________________ “Eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth” type of laws Government assumed the responsibility of protecting its citizens People now had laws to protect their _______________________ and didn’t need to resort to violence Ziggurat
