Download BIOLOGY Ch 15 Populations

BIOLOGY Ch 17 Biological communities
How organisms interact in communities?
Back and forth evolutionary adjustments between interacting members of a community are called
__________________.
E.g. adaptations in flowering plants that promoted efficient dispersal of their pollen by insects and
other animals. In turn, adaptations appeared in pollinators that enabled them to obtain food and
other resources from the flowers they pollinate
Different forms of interaction
1) Predation e.g.
2) Parasitism e.g.
SYMBIOSIS –
Different forms of symbiosis:
3) Mutualism e.g.
4) Commensalism e.g.
How Competition shapes communities
COMPETITON –
Species compete for resources like _______________, __________________,
_______________, __________________, _______________, _________________ etc.
e.g.
NICHE –
e.g. A JAGUAR’s NICHE
Diet – feed on mammals, fish and turtles
Reproduction – give birth from June to Aug, during the rainy season
Time of activity – they hunt by day and by night
All the ways that the jaguar interacts with its environment makes up its niche.
____________________ - is the entire range of resource opportunities an organism is potentially
able to occupy within an ecosystem
_____________________- is the part of the fundamental niche that a species occupies.
e.g. Warbler foraging zones
(Refer to figure _____)
e.g. Two species of barnacles
(Refer to figure _____)
GAUSE’s PRINCIPLE OF COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION –
When can competitors co-exist?
MAJOR BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
Climate -
2 main elements of climate:
1)
2)
Biological communities based on the effect of climate
(Refer to figure _____)
MAJOR BIOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES (BIOMES)
(PROJECT-1 for this semester)
MAJOR BIOMES
RAINFOREST
SAVANNA
DESERT
TEMPERATE FOREST
TEMPERATE
GRASSLAND
TAIGA
TUNDRA
Abiotic factors
Plants
Wildlife
Locations