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B1 Core revision Session 1 We are going to concentrate on the key knowledge needed for the exam We need to practice answering to a time limit Answers to Q1 Kingdom Characteristics Animalia multicellular, no cell walls, no chlorophyll, feed heterotrophically Plantae multicellular, have cell walls, have chlorophyll, feed autotrophically Fungi multicellular, have cell walls, no chlorophyll, feed saprophytically Protoctista unicellular, have a nucleus Prokaryota unicellular, have no nucleus The next 3 questions will take 3min • Why are viruses not classified in a kingdom? • What does Chordata mean? • What are vertebrates? Q2 • VIRUSES are classified as NON LIVING because… • The virus does not show the characteristics of life such as growth and feeding (1) • They need a host to reproduce Q3 • A Rod shaped Backbone • Spinal cord will be marked wrong • It is also the PHYLUM Q4 Animals with backbones 1min • Why would a scientist classify an animal as a vertebrate? • If it had a backbone What reasons could cause an animal to become extinct? • It says reasons so more than one • Timer is 2 mins You get lots of these types of questions. • Cave Bears have the bimominal name Ursus spelaeus, which is the genus and which is the species? • This fungi is Russula silvicola, which is the genus and which is the species? • The binominal name for tigers is Panthera tigris, which is the genus and which is the species? Evolution • What are the stages of evolution? V O C A B • Variation – individuals in a species differ • Overproduction – more offspring than survive to be adults • Competition • Advantageous characteristic – they survive • Breeding – those with AC will reproduce What does geographic isolation mean? • When animals are separated from the rest of their group, usually by accident so they can’t all interbreed anymore. • E.g an earthquake • The two groups will evolve different advantageous characteristics to survive Why might an animal become extinct? • • • • • • • Predators killing them Disease Change in environmental conditions e.g snow Loss of food source Increased competition Limited adaptations Unable to rproduce Nervous system 1. What are the three type of neurone? 2. What is a stimulus? 3. What is an effector? 3 minutes Answers • Sensory, motor, relay • A change in environment • The organ that carries out the response e.g the muscle that moves • How does information travel along a sensory neurone? 2 minutes Answers • From the receptor • To the brain/spinal cord • As an electrical impulse • What is the role of the myelin sheath? 2 minutes Answer • Insulates – NOT Protects • The axon and speeds up the impulse • Describe the pathway of a nerve impulse through a reflex arc. 3 minutes Answer • Receptor cells pick up a stimulus • Sensory neurone sends a message to the spinal cord. • The message travels from the spinal cord to a relay neurone then to the motor neurone • There is a response in the effector Plant growth Hormones • • • • • What is a seedling? Which way should shoots grow? Which way should roots grow? What is gravitropism? What is phototropism? Answers • When a shoot emerges from the top of a seed and begins to grow. • Upwards towards light • Downwards towards gravity • Growing towards gravity • Growing towards light Higher level questions • Explain how plant shoots grow towards the light.(You must include the words Auxin and elongation in your explanation) • Explain how plant roots grow towards gravity.(You must include the words Auxin and elongation in your explanation) How shoots grow towards light • AUXIN moves to the shaded side • Causes cell elongation • Shoot bends towards light. How roots grow towards gravity • AUXIN moves to the underside of the root • It Inhibits the elongation of cells on the underside of the root • Cells on the upper side continue to elongate • Root bends downwards