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La concordancia de sustantivos, artículos, y adjetivos Noun, Adjective, Article Agreement Gender – masculine / feminine Feminine words usually end in “a.” Example: casa Masculine words usually end in “o.” Example: cuarto There are exceptions! Example: mapa (map = masc.) mano (hand = fem.) Number – singular / plural To make words plural: If the word ends in a vowel, add “s”. Example: casa + s = casas If the word ends in a consonant, add “es”. Example: comedor + es = comedores If the word ends in “z” change to “c” and add “es”. Example: luz > luces Nouns – Person, place, thing, or idea. Unlike English all Spanish nouns have a gender. That does NOT mean a “casa” is a girl! It’s just a feminine word. Nouns are either singular or plural. Spanish nouns usually follow articles (see below). Example: la casa, el comedor Adjectives – Words that describe. Spanish adjectives also have gender and are either singular or plural. Adjectives must agree with (match) the noun in number and gender. In Spanish adjectives follow nouns. This is opposite from English. Example: La casa blanca (the white house = all feminine words) Articles – Two types. Definite – “the” In Spanish there are 4 definite articles, or ways to say “the” so that it can agree with the noun. Singular Plural Masculine el los Feminine la las Indefinite – “a” “an” “some” “a few” There are 4 indefinite articles in Spanish. Singular Plural Masculine un unos Feminine una unas Articles must agree with (match) the noun in number and gender. Examples: la casa blanca – una casa blanca (all singular and feminine) las casas blancas – unas casas blancas (all plural and feminine) el cuarto pequeño – un cuarto pequeño (all singular and masculine) los cuartos pequeños – unos cuartos pequeños (all plural & masculine)