Download 3B-Gerunds and Infinitives as direct objects - Ms. Keehu

Gerunds and Infinitives as Direct
Objects
Gerunds used as subject of the
sentence.
Dancing is fun.
Gerunds used as objects
He enjoys working.
Gerunds: Ving
• Gerunds often follow verbs that indicate that
an action is happening or has happened.
We enjoy going to concerts.
(you can only enjoy things you are doing or
have done – not things you haven’t done yet.)
Verbs followed by Gerunds
(not Infinitives)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Appreciate + Ving
Avoid
Delay
Deny
Discuss
Dislike
Enjoy
Excuse
Finish
understand
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Keep
Mention
Mind
Miss
Postpone
Quit
Recall
Recommend
Resent
suggest
Some expressions are used with
gerunds
Be busy, can’t help, have fun,
it’s no use, it’s not worth
(EX) I’m busy helping them.
Infinitives used as subjects
To study is fun!
Infinitives used as objects
I want to dance.
Infinitives: to V
• Infinitives often follow verbs that indicate that
an action will or could happen.
We hope to go to the concert.
(You can hope for things that could happen
not things that have already happened)
Infinitives vs. Prepositional Phrases
• Be sure not to confuse an infinitive—a verbal
consisting of “to” plus a verb form—with a
prepositional phrase beginning with “to”, which
consists of “to” plus a noun or pronoun and any
modifiers.
• Infinitives: to fly, to draw, to become, to enter, to
stand, to catch, to belong
• Prepositional Phrases: to him, to the committee, to
my house, to the mountains, to us, to this address
Some verbs can be used with Gerunds and
Infinitives and have the Same Meaning
I like cooking.
I like to cook.
She started losing weight
She started to lose weight.
Some verbs although they can be used after
both gerunds and infinitives have a different
meaning.
remember
forget
regret
stop
try
get
Different Meaning
• She stopped smoking.
(no more smoking)
• She stopped to smoke.
(stop walking so that she could smoke.)
The End!
A Gerund Phrase is a group of words beginning with a gerund
and followed most often by modifiers, direct objects, and/or
prepositional phrases.
The gerund phrase functions as the subject of the sentence.
Finding a needle in a haystack would be easier than what we're trying
to do.
Finding (gerund)
a needle (direct object of action)
in a haystack (prepositional phrase)
The gerund phrase functions as the direct object of the sentence.
My teacher likes questioning us on our math skills.
questioning (gerund)
us (direct object of action)
On our math skills (prepositional phrase)
A Gerund is a verbal that ends in “ing” and
functions as a noun.
Gerund as subject:
Traveling might satisfy your desire for new experiences.
(Traveling is the gerund.)
Gerund as direct object:
They do not appreciate singing.
(The gerund is singing.)
Gerund as subject complement:
My cat's favorite activity is sleeping.
(The gerund is sleeping.)
Gerund as object of preposition:
The police arrested him for speeding.
(The gerund is speeding.)
Gerunds used as object of the
preposition
I am thinking about taking the
children to Mexico.
Common preposition combinations
followed by gerunds
• Be excited about, complain about, talk about,
think about, worry about
• Apologize for, blame for, famous for
• Believe in, interested in, succeed in
• Take care of, instead of, be accused of
• Insist on, count on, concentrate on
• Keep from, prevent from, profit from
• In addition to, look forward to, be used to
An Infinitive Phrase is a group of words consisting of an
infinitive and followed most often by modifiers, direct objects,
and/or prepositional phrases.
We intended to leave early.
The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb intended.
to leave (infinitive)
early (adverb)
I have a paper to write before class.
The infinitive phrase functions as an adjective modifying paper.
to write (infinitive)
before class (prepositional phrase)
Phil agreed to give me a ride.
The infinitive phrase functions as the direct object of the verb agreed.
to give (infinitive)
me (indirect object of the infinitive)
a ride (direct object of the infinitive)
Infinitive forms are not used after the
following verbs of perception:
feel
see
hear
smell