Download AP Biology Reference Tables

AP Biology Reference Tables
Biology Reference Tables are New
• There is a push to make AP biology more
quantitative, mathematical
• There are aspects of these tables that have
not appeared in old curricula; little guidance
for teachers on how to use, no questions
• Students did poorly on mathematical
questions on last year’s test
Statistical Analysis and Probability
• The AP Bio curriculium
focuses on statistics
based on counts, not
continuous variables
Using You Reference Tables…
• What is the mode of the following data set?
6, 8, 1, 6, 5, 6, 8, 3, 4, 2
What is the median of the following data?
2, 5, 7, 2, 4, 6, 9, 11, 3
What is the range of these observations of plant
mass?
0.20, 0.35, 0.41, 0.22, 0.32, 0.14
• Calculate the standard deviation of the
following measurements of newborn body
weights (in kg)
• 2.3, 3.1, 3.5, 1.7, 1.2, 2.4, 2.4, 3.0
• This calculation is often expressed in graphs
using error bars
• Questions based on this formula??
Remember
• Chi-Square tests only work with counts
• This test was developed for Mendelian
genetics; a part 2 question is likely this year
• Last year, animal behavior question (choice
chamber)
2003 Exam, Question 1
• In fruit flies, the phenotype for eye color is
determined by a certain locus, E indicates the
dominant allele and e represents the recessive
allele. The cross between a male wild-type
fruit fly and a female white-eyed fruit fly
produced the following offspring:
F1
WildType
Male
0
WildType
Female
45
Whiteeyed
Male
55
WhiteEyed
Female
0
BrownEyed
Female
1
The wild-type and white eyed individuals
from the F1 generation were then crossed
to produce the following offspring.
F2
WildType
Male
23
WildType
Female
31
Whiteeyed
Male
22
WhiteEyed
Female
24
BrownEyed
Female
0
• Determine the genotypes of the original parents
(P generation) and explain your reasoning. You
may use Punnett squares to enhance your
description, but the results from the Punnett
squares must be discussed in your answer.
• Determine the genotypes of the original parents (P
generation) and explain your reasoning. You may use
Punnett squares to enhance your description, but the
results from the Punnett squares must be discussed in
your answer.
Use a Chi-squared test on the F2 data to analyze
your prediction of the parental genotypes. Show all
of your work and explain the importance of your
final answer.
F2
Wild-Type
Male
Wild-Type
Female
White-eyed
Male
White-Eyed
Female
Brown-Eyed
Female
23
31
22
24
0
• The brown-eyed female in the F1 generation
resulted from a mutational change. Explain what
a mutation is, and discuss two types of mutations
that might have produced the brown-eyed female
in the F1 generation.
• No clue why these are here…
• In fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), straight wing shape is dominant to
curly wing shape. A particular population of fruit flies is in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium with respect to the alleles for wing shape.
• The Hardy-Weinberg equation, given below, is useful in understanding
population genetics:
p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1
– Explain what the terms ( p2, 2pq, and q2 ) represent in the population of fruit
flies.
– Describe one condition that is necessary for the population to be in
equilibrium.
Hardy-Weinberg Multiple Choice
Hardy-Weinberg Grid In
• You will be expected to know how to convert
between units
• The rate equation should be easy to
recognize/use
• The other equations are not intuitive – their
awkwardness should allow you to recognize
the need for an equation.
Rate Grid-In Question
Rate Free Response Question
• Be clear on what solute
and pressure potential
is
• At equilibrium, pressure
potential is zero
• Calculate the solute potential of each tuber…
Jello Lab
• The Gibbs equation is not (in my opinion)
relevant in a freshman bio class
• What is the pH of a 1 x 10-5 M solution?
• Not clear how to use these equations either.
• A student has 2 L of a 1 M stock solution of
sucrose. She wishes to make 1 L of 0.3 M and
0.7 M sucrose. How much of the original
solution does she need?