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Veena V Nair
CHEMICAL BONDING

Force of attraction between the
atoms that hold the two atoms
together is known as chemical
bonding. Bonding are of two types;
they are : Covalent bonding & ionic
bonding.
COVALENT BONDING

Bonding formed between the two
atoms as a result of sharing
electrons.
Compound formed by covalent
bonding is known as covalent
compounds

IONIC BONDING

 Bonding formed by the transfer of
electron between two atoms are
known as ionic bonding.
Compounds formed by ionic
bonding is known as ionic
compounds.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN COVALENT
& IONIC COMPOUNDS

Covalent compounds
 Solid in nature
 Soluble in water
 Conduct electricity
 High melting point
 High boiling point
Ionic compounds
 Exists in solid, liquid,
gas
 Insoluble in water
 Doesn’t conduct
electricity
 Low melting point
 Low boiling point
EXAMPLES OF COVALENT
COMPOUNDS


EXAMPLES OF IONIC
COMPOUNDS

FACTORS AFFECTING BONDING

Ionization energy
Electron gain enthalpy
Atomic radius
Lattice energy
Electronegativity
IONISATION ENERGY

Energy required to remove an electron
from the outermost shell of an atom is
known as ionisation energy.
For ionic bond formation the ionisation
energy of the metal should be low.
ELECTRON GAIN ENTHALPY

The amount of energy released when
an extra electron is added to an atom.
For the bond formation electron gain
enthalpy of an element should be high.
ATOMIC RADIUS

The distance between the nucleus
and the outer most shell of
electrons in an atom
LATTICE ENERGY

Energy released when oppositely
charged ions combine to form one
mole of the ionic compound.
Higher value of lattice energy is
needed for the ionic bond
formation.
ELECTRONEGATIVITY

The tendency of an atom to attract the
shared pair of electrons towards itself is
known as electronegativity.
Electronegativity difference affect bond
type and explains which type of
molecules formed; polar or non polar
molecules.

THANK YOU