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Unit 2 Exam: Review Packet
1. According the hypothesis of Oparin and the subsequent experiments of Miller and Urey, which of the following situations
contributed to the origin of life on Earth?
A. Organic compounds formed from meteorites that had fallen to Earth.
B. Cells evolved in an environment lacking oxygen.
C. Organic compounds formed from gases available in the atmosphere.
D. Cells evolved from large prokaryotic cells that engulfed smaller prokaryotic cells
2. Which of the following events is explained using the endosymbiont theory?
A. How eukaryotes formed from prokaryotes
B. How the first organelles such as chloroplasts and mitochondria formed
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A or B
3. Due to the Earth’s early atmosphere, which contained inorganic gases, what characteristics did the first organisms most likely
have?
A. The first living things were multicellular
B. The first living things had organelles
C. The first living things were aerobic
D. The first living things were prokaryotic
4. Natural selection is a process that results in change within a species over time. Which of the following is NOT a condition
required for natural selection to result in speciation?
A. overpopulation of the species
B. genetic equilibrium of the species
C. genetic variation within the species
D. competition for survival within the species
5. South American honeybees are resistant to the mites. Scientists believe that the North American honeybees may also
become resistant to the mites in another ten years. Which of these processes will cause the honeybee population to become
resistant to the mites?
A. natural selection
B. chemosynthesis
C. aerobic respiration
D. succession
6. Which of these best illustrates natural selection?
A. An organism with favorable genetic variations will tend to survive and breed successfully.
B. A population monopolizes all of the resources in its habitat, forcing other species to migrate.
C. A community whose members work together utilizes all existing resources and migratory routes.
D. The largest organisms in a species receive the only breeding opportunities.
7. A population of grasshoppers in the Kansas prairie has two color phenotypes, green and brown. Typically, the prairie receives
adequate water to maintain healthy, green grass. Assume a Mack-a-doodle bird that eats grasshoppers moves into the prairie.
How will this affect natural selection of the grasshoppers?
A. The green phenotype should be more easily seen by the predator and decrease in numbers.
B. The brown phenotype should be more easily seen by the predator and decrease in numbers.
C. Both green and brown grasshoppers should be eaten equally and their relative numbers should
remain constant.
D. Predation will cause the brown grasshoppers to mutate into green grasshoppers.
8. Finches with bigger beaks are able to eat larger, harder seeds than finches with smaller beaks. Which situation would favor
the reproductive success of a large-beaked finch over smaller-beaked finches?
A. A new predator species appears in the finches’ habitat.
B. A deadly virus infects the finch population.
C. Land development results in the loss of finch habitat.
D. A drought causes a shortage of small and medium sized seeds.
9. Which statement most accurately reflects what evolutionists refer to as “adaptation”?
A. An adaptation refers to the relative health of each individual in a population.
B. An adaptation is a trait that gives an individual an advantage in passing on his/her genes to the next generation.
C. An adaptation is a measure of an individual’s ability to mutate their genes in his/her reproductive cells.
D. An adaptation is a change organisms make to their phenotype in order to better be suited for their environment.
10. In the early 1900s, California citrus growers sprayed their trees with cyanide gas to kill scale insects. By 1914, some scale
insects were surviving the spraying, and eventually the whole population showed resistance to cyanide. Which of the following
statements best explains how resistance to cyanide spread in the scale insect population?
A. Insects learned which plants were being sprayed with cyanide and avoided them, thus avoiding getting poisoned by the
cyanide.
B. Insects without a resistance gene underwent mutation upon contact with the cyanide to acquire resistance.
C. Parasites infecting the insect population carried the trait from insects with a resistance gene to insects without resistance
gene.
D. Insects with a resistance gene survived the first cyanide sprayings and passed the gene to their offspring.
11. Body Length of Mosquitoes in a Certain Area
Which of these conclusions can be made based on the graphs
shown to the left?
A. Mosquitoes with a body length of 3 cm have the longest life
span.
B. Some mosquitoes have found a new food source.
C. A mosquito length of 2 cm has become a disadvantage in this
environment.
D. Large mosquitoes cannot avoid being eaten by predators
12. Which of the following correctly describes the general trend in hominid evolution?
A. larger body size, broad forehead, smaller brains
B. increase in brain capacity, bipedalism, use of tools
C. thickening of the skull, protruding teeth, organized hunting
D. large canine teeth, small skulls, diet of coarse plant material
13. While hiking in the mountains, a hiker discovers an area of exposed rock layers that contain a variety of fossils. Based on
this drawing, what can one conclude?
A The oldest fossils are contained in layer K and the youngest fossils in layer P.
B The oldest fossils are contained in layer Q and the youngest fossils in layer K.
C The oldest fossils are contained in layer K and the youngest fossils in layer Q.
D The oldest fossils are contained in layer L and the youngest are in layer Q.
14) Humans and chimpanzees have almost identical DNA and many similarities in anatomy. Which statement about the
evolutionary relationship between modern humans and chimpanzees is supported by these facts?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Humans and chimpanzees are unrelated.
Humans descended directly from chimpanzees.
Humans are a more evolved version of chimpanzees.
Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor.
15. How is the scientific theory of evolution supported by the comparison of the skulls and skeletons of modern humans and
extinct hominids?
A.
B.
C.
D.
By making the hip, spine, and skull comparisons, the age of different hominid specimens can be determined.
Comparison of skull and skeletons provides evidence that humans and different hominid species interacted.
Similarity in skull shapes, hands, and hips between extinct hominids and humans supports a common ancestry.
Skull and skeleton comparisons can explain why hominids were inferior and became extinct while humans evolved.
16. The illustration below compares the skull of three different hominid species.
As shown in the above graph, jaw size decreased as hominids evolved. Which of the following is a possible explanation for the
decreasing jaw size?
A. Later hominids used stone tools rather than teeth as basic tools therefore jaw size decreased.
B. Early hominids were quadrapedal walkers, which put stress on the jaw, making it bigger.
C. Later hominids had a smaller cranium therefore jaw size decreased accordingly.
D. Early hominids had greater language skills so they had a larger jaw size.
17. The graph below shows characteristics of hominids changing over time. Which of the following is the correct label for line A
and B?
A
B
A. Line A represents skull size and Line B represents jaw size
B. Line A represents language development and Line B represents manufacture of tools
C. Line A represents jaw size and Line B represents skull size
D. Line A represents the manufacture of tools and Line B represents language development
18. Name the structures labeled 1, 2 and 3.
Name/Label the structures:
1
2
3
19. In the diagram below, which lobe is located at the
posterior (back) section of the brain, as indicated by the red
arrow?
A. frontal lobe
B. occipital lobe
C. parietal lobe
D. temporal lobe
20. In the diagram below, which area of the brain is
indicated by the letter D?
A. brain stem
B. cerebellum
C. cerebrum
D. parietal lobe