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Post-Darwinian Facts
I. Physics
II. Geology/Paleontology
III. Genetics
III. Genetics
obviously, the most direct way to test
hypotheses of biological relatedness is to compare
DNA.
III. Genetics
obviously, the most direct way to test
hypotheses of biological relatedness is to compare
DNA.
- DNA comes ONLY from ancestors, and we now
how it is replicated and passed to offspring.
III. Genetics
obviously, the most direct way to test
hypotheses of biological relatedness is to compare
DNA.
- DNA comes ONLY from ancestors, and we now
how it is replicated and passed to offspring.
- DNA similarity implies a common source of this
DNA – common ancestry.
- within a species – paternity tests
III. Genetics
obviously, the most direct way to test
hypotheses of biological relatedness is to compare
DNA.
- DNA comes ONLY from ancestors, and we now
how it is replicated and passed to offspring.
- DNA similarity implies a common source of this
DNA – common ancestry.
- within a species – paternity tests
- Patterns between species?
1. GROSS CHROMOSOMAL SIMILARITIES
2. SEQUENCE ANALYSES
- Human and chimp DNA is 98.4% similar in
nitrogenous base sequence.
2. SEQUENCE ANALYSES
- Human and chimp DNA is 98.4% similar in
nitrogenous base sequence.
- well, we are similar (mammals, primates,
etc.) So, to be similar, don’t we need similar
recipes?
2. SEQUENCE ANALYSES
- Human and chimp DNA is 98.4% similar in
nitrogenous base sequence.
- well, we are similar (mammals, primates,
etc.) So, to be similar, don’t we need similar
recipes?
- But, only 10% of the genome is a recipe.
Even the 90% that does not code for protein,
that is random sequence, still shows this
similarity. Even non-functional DNA is
similar, so functional similarity (ie.,
ANALOGY) can’t be the answer…the
similarity is HOMOLOGOUS.
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
- We build “family trees” with paleontology
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
- We build “family trees” with paleontology
- We build “family trees” with genetic similarity.
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
- We build “family trees” with paleontology
- We build “family trees” with genetic similarity.
If both these patterns are caused by common
ancestry (and evolution), then they should be the
SAME pattern.
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
Testing Evolutionary Theory (yet again)
IF species are descended from common ancestors
(like people in a family), and
IF we know the rate of genetic change (mutation),
THEN we should be able to compare genetic
similarity and predict where in the fossil record
common ancestors should be.
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
3. Corroborating Independent Tests of Evolution
4. Conclusions
- We can compare the DNA in existing species and
predict where, in the sedimentary layers of the
Earth’s crust, a third DIFFERENT species should be.
- No explanation other than evolution predicts and
explains this ability.
Evolution by Common Descent is a tested theory.