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D. Crowley, 2008 To know how roots are adapted for absorption Look at the following, and decide if the statements are true or false… 1. New material in plants is called biomass True 2. Plants use soil and water to make new biomass via respiration False - photo. 3. Sound energy is needed for photosynthesis to occur False - light 4. Photosynthesis produces glucose and carbon dioxide False – oxygen 5. Photosynthesis happens mainly in the palisade cells within the roots False leaves 6. Palisade cells are adapted to their function by having lots of chloroplasts True 7. Plants use glucose to make cellulose, fats, proteins and starch True 8. Roots take in water and minerals True 9. Roots are adapted to take in water by having a small surface area False large 10. Water travels up the plant in xylem tubes True 11. Plants need carbon dioxide to make glucose True 12. Plants are important in making carbon dioxide to keep the atmosphere in balance False – oxygen produced to balance atmosphere What are the functions of roots? • Absorb water • Absorb minerals • Anchorage (hold the plant to the ground) Look at the samples of root under the microscope – how are they adapted for absorption? Water and minerals are absorbed from the soil via the roots The roots are covered with millions of tiny root hair cells These have a very large surface area, allowing the roots to absorb large amounts of water and minerals water Roots are spread out, helping both absorption of water and minerals and with anchorage… Why do plants need water? • Plants need water for photosynthesis to take place 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 • Helps with transport around the plant • Helps the plant stay rigid and upright • Allows the plant to keep cool (transpiration is the loss of water from the plant, as water evaporates from the leaves (which draws up water + minerals from the roots)) Plant roots are also adapted to absorb minerals from the soil There are three essential minerals plants need to stay healthy: • Nitrates – for protein manufacture • Phosphates – for photosynthesis and respiration • Potassium – for photosynthesis and respiration A lack of minerals can cause major problems for a plant: - • A lack of nitrate can cause stunted growth and yellowing of older leaves • A lack of phosphate can cause poor root growth and purple younger leaves • A lack of potassium can cause yellow leaves with dead spots on them Roots provide stability for the plant, keeping it fixed to the soil which is needed, especially when it is windy Xylem tubes carry water and minerals up the plant via the transpiration stream They have strong side walls made of lignin, giving the plant support They are made of dead cells with no ends between them Phloem tubes transport food up and down the plant They carry sugars; fats; proteins etc… to growing regions / storage regions in the plant They are made of living cells