Download Respiration - David Brotherton CCCMC

Biology
Class Notes
Lesson 10 Respiration
Objective: 2.1.2
Respiration: The process by which organisms continuously exchange gas such as oxygen,
carbon dioxide, and water vapor with their environment.
 *All organisms require energy for respiration.
 *Respiration requires O2 and produces CO2.
 *Photosynthesis is the opposite of respiration because it requires CO2 and produces O2.
Gas Exchange Adaptations
Adaptation: Any trait or behavior of an organism that increases survival.
Lungs: Elastic sponge-like organs that exchange gasses between body tissue and air.
 Usually occur in pairs and in the chest
 Air moves through increasingly small tubes that in with small sacs called alveoli (sing.
Alveolus) that are surrounded by capillaries.
 O2 is passed to the blood by diffusion and carried throughout the body.
 CO2 is passed from the blood by diffusion and exhaled.
Ex: Mammals (dolphins/whales), birds, reptiles, adult amphibians, and some snails.
Gills: Specialized tissues containing many capillaries that can extract dissolved O2 from
water.
 Usually occur in pairs and located on the side of the head.
 As with lungs, O2 and CO2 are exchanged between water and the capillaries by
diffusion.
 Gills are less efficient than lungs because water contains less O2 and water must be
moved.
Ex: Clams pump water, Fish swim to move water. Amphibians start with gills and
develop lungs as adults.
Skin: Protective outer layer of tissue.
 Utilized by small organisms in close contact with the fertile soil, which contains O2.
 O2 is absorbed from the soil and CO2 is passed through skins cells to the soil.
Ex: Amphibians, segmented worms, some mollusks and some arthropods.
Trachea: A network of tube-like structures that deliver O2 directly to tissues and pick up
CO2. The tracheas lead to openings on the outside called spiracles.
Ex: Grasshopper
Gas Exchange in Plants
Stomata (sing. stoma): Tiny pores or openings through which plants exchange CO2 and O2 with
the atmosphere.
 The stoma must open and close to balance the exchange of gasses vs. conservation of
moisture.
Key Words:
Respiration
Adaptation
Lung
Alveolus
Gill
Stomata