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Oceanography What is the exam going to cover? Air –Sea Interaction (Meteorology) Ocean Circulation Waves and Water Dynamics Tides The Coast: Beaches and Shorelines Marine Life 1. The most abundant gaseous components of the Earth's atmosphere are: Oxygen and Nitrogen 2. Hot air _____________, while cool air _____________. Rises, sinks 3. Seasons are caused by… Tilt of the Earth’s axis. 4. Earth is "tilted" at about 23° relative to its orbital plane around the sun. This causes… seasons 5. There are _____ main wind bands in each hemisphere of the Earth. 3 6. The Coriolis effect causes objects moving in the northern hemisphere… Wind and water to deflect to the right. 7. Winds generally moves across the United States. T or F? True. West to East. 8. Weather may be defined as: Short-term atmospheric localized characteristics. 9. When viewed from above, tropical cyclones rotate ______________ in the southern hemisphere. clockwise 10. Tropical cyclones tend to move… Westward due to the ITCZ. 11. Tropical cyclones never leave the tropics. T or F? False. 12. The ultimate source of most of the energy for ocean currents is: The sun 13. The immediate source of most of the energy for ocean currents is: wind 14. The Earth's rotation influences currents by a force [or acceleration, to be correct] known as: Coriolis Effect 15. Currents tend to move in great _______________ patterns in the northern hemisphere. clockwise 16. The only ocean current that continues in an uninterrupted circle around the circumference of the Earth without encountering land is the: West Wind Drift. 17. Generally the fastest and deepest ocean currents are: Western Boundary Currents. 18. Western boundary currents can have well-defined edges. T or F? true 19. Britain's weather is _____________________ than would be expected at that latitude because of the influence of surface currents. Warmer and wetter. 20. San Francisco's characteristic cold and foggy weather is caused by a: Cold eastern boundary current. 21. Deep current are horizontal and rarely move vertically. T or F? false 22. The most dense water in ocean currents is the… Coldest and saltiest. 23. Benjamin Franklin was the first person to recognize the extent of the _______________ and to publish a navigational chart of it. Gulf Stream 24. Most deep bottom water forms… Near the ocean surface in the Antarctic. 25. The main force driving thermohaline circulation is: Gravity.