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Can You See the Secrets?
The Periodic Table
Main Idea
Aks Review
sheets
Highlight GPS
Standards
Bag activity
Details
Review sheet due the day before test.
Periodic
Table of
Elements
Elements
Vocab matching sheet activity
Periodic table handout for coloring
Earth’s
elements
How do you think the items should be arranged. FOLLOW THE RULES!
GROUP 1:_________________________________________________
GROUP 2:________________________________________________
GROUP 3:_________________________________________________
GROUP 4:_________________________________________________
GROUP 5:_________________________________________________
Reasons?
1. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________
2. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________
3. _________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
______________
Science has come a long way since Aristotle’s theory of _______, ______ Fire and
______. Scientists have identified _______ ________________ occurring elements,
and created about _________ others
The elements alone or in ____________________ make up our bodies, our world our
_________, and in fact the entire universe.
The most abundant element in the earth’s crust is ________________ (_____%)
Name 3 others and their percentages
1. ______________________
2. ______________________
3. ______________________
Periodic
Table
History of the
PT
Johann
Dobereiner
John
Newlands
The periodic table organizes the elements in a _________________ way. A great deal of
information can be gathered from its __________________.
Example: You can predict the ___________________ and
__________________properties of the element and what other elements will react
_____________________________.Understanding the _____________________ and
plan of the PT will help you obtain basic information about the _________ known
elements.
During the _______________ century , chemists began to categorize the elements
according to ________________ in their ____________ and _________________
properties. The end result was our ______________ periodic ______________.
In _________ he classified some elements into groups of ________ which he called
___________. Why?
Example:
In _________ he suggested that elements be arrange in “____________” because he
noticed (after arranging the elements in order of ________________ ______________
________) that certain properties repeated every ______ element.
Law of _________
Did people believe him?
Why did it fail?
Mendeleev
Lothar Meyer
Why?
Annotate
? question
IN _________ Dimitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev crated the first accepted version of the PT.
He grouped the elements according to ______________ mass and as he did he found
that the ______________ had similar ____________________ properties. Blank spaces
were left open to add the new elements her predicted would ______________. He is
considered the ________________ of the PT.
18___. At the same time (as Mendeleev) he published his own table of elements
organized by ______________________ atomic ______. Both Mendeleev and Meyer
arranged the elements in order of _______________________ atomic ______, both left
vacant spaces where _____________ elements should fit
So WHY is Mendeleev called “The Father”? Not Meyer, or both?
Mendeleev stated that if the atomic weight of an element caused it to be placed in the
wrong group then the weight must be wrong. (He corrected the atomic masses of BE, In
and U) He was so confident in his table that he used it to predict the physical properties
of three elements that were yet unknown. After the discovery of these unknown
elements between 1874 and 1885 and the fact that Mendeleev’s predictions for Sc, Ga,
and Ge were amazingly close to the actual values, his table was generally accepted.
However in spite of Mendeleev’s great achievement, problems arose when new
elements were discovered and more accurate atomic weights determined. By looking
at our modern periodic table can you identify what problems might have caused
chemists a headache?
Henry
Moseley
Glenn T
Seaborg
Coloring
Sheet
Key to the PT
Label the
square
Atomic
Number
Atomic Mass
Practice
worksheet.
IN ________ through his work with ________ he determined the actual nuclear charge
(atomic __________ )of the elements. He ____________________ the elements in
order of ______________________ _______________ number.
His research was halted when the British govt sent his to serve as a foot soilder in WWI.
He was killed in the fighting in Gallilpoli by a snipers bullet, at the age of 28. Because of
this loss the British govt later restricted its scientists to noncombatant duties during
WWII.
After co-discovering 10 new elements in _____________ he move 14 elements out of
the main body of the PT to their current location below the ____________________
series. These became known as the ________________________ series. He is the only
person to have an element named after him while still alive.
We will be using this sheet to color in our PT so you can see the pattern.
Elements are organized on the table according to their ________________ __________,
usually found near the ______ of the square. The ___________________ __________
refers to how many ____________________ an atom of that element has.
For instance:
The atomic number is _______________ to that element. No two elements have the
same __________________ _______________________
Use the diagram to draw and label your square.
Define:
Define:
Equation:
Atomic mass
and Isotopes
REVIEW!!
Atomic Mass
Unit
(_______)
Symbols
Valence
Electrons
While most atoms have the same number of ________________ and
_______________, some don’t. Some atoms have more or less _______________ than
__________ these are called __________________
An atomic mass number with a decimal is the total of the number of
_________________ plus the average number of __________________________.
The unit of measurement for an atom is ________ . It stands for ______________ mass
_______. One _______ is equal to the mass of one ____________. There are
______________________________ amu’s in one _________ (Remember electrons are
2000 times smaller than one amu)
All elements have their own unique symbol. It can consist of a ____________ capital
letter and _____ or _____ lower case letters
The number of valence electrons an atom has may also appear in the square.
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom.
Label the PT with the A block and B block
Label the valence electrons.
Metals,
nonmetals
and
metalloids
Properties of
Non – metals
Properties of
metalloids
Properties of
metals
Families vs
periods
Families
Periods
Families
Hydrogen
Metals vs nonmetals lab
Color your PT
Non metals are _______ conductors of _______ and _____________.
Non metals are not ______ or __________________ (what does that mean? )
They are ________
Many non metals are ______________
Ex:
Circle on your PT
Metalloids (__________________) have properties of both metals and
____________________
They are _________ that can be ____________ or _______.
They conduct _______ and _______________________ better than ________________
but not as well as ______________
They are ____________________ and _____________________ (what does that
mean??)
Ex:
Label your PT
_______ of the PT consists of ___________.
Metals are _______________ conductors of heat and electricity.
Metals are __________ and ___________________
Metals can be ______________ or ______________
Ex:
Label your table
_________________ of elements are called _____________ or families
Elements in each family have similar but not identical _____________________.
Ex:
All elements in a family have the same number of _________________ electrons.
Each ______________________________ _______ of elements is called a ___________
The elements in a __________________are NOT alike in ______________________
The properties __________________ greatly across each given row.
The ____________ element in a period is always an extremely _____________
_________. The last element is always an _______________ _____
Time to color!!!
The hydrogen square sits atop family ______ but it is not a member of that family.
Hydrogen is in a class of its own.
It is a ______ at room temperature
It has ______ _______ and _____ electron in its one and only energy ____________.
Hydrogen only needs _____ electrons to fill up its _____________ shell.
Alkali Metals
DEMO!!!!
The ______________ family is found in the ________ column of the PT
Atoms of the ________________metals have a _____________ electron in their
outermost level. ______ valence electron
They are _____________, have the consistency of _____ and are easily cut with a
__________. They are the most ______________ metals. They react _______________
with water. Alkali metals are never found as free elements in nature. They are always
________________ with another element.
What does it Elements that are reactive _________ easily with other elements to make ___________
mean to be
Some elements are only found in nature bonded with other elements. What makes an
reactive?
element reactive?
1. An ___________________ valence electron level
2. All atoms (except ________________) wants to have _____ electrons in the
outermost energy level. _______________ rule
3. Atoms bond until the level is ______________. Atoms with few valence
electrons ______ them during bonding. Atoms with ____,____, or _____
valence electrons __________ electrons during bonding.
We will do bonding next unit!!!
Alkaline Earth They are never found _____________________ in nature. They have _______ valence
Metals
electrons.
TOUCH
________ __________ metals include magnesium and _______________ among others.
THEM!
Transition
_____________________ elements include those in the _____ families. These are the
metals
metals you are probably most familiar: ______________, ____, _____ , iron, _______
gold and _______. They are good conductors of heat and electricity. Transition
elements have properties similar to one another and to other ________ but their
properties do ______ fit in with those of any other family.
Many transition metals combine _______________with ___________ to form
compounds called ________.
Can they harm you?
Lead in the
soil lab.
How can elements that can be extremely useful to humans also harm them?
K
W
L
Carbon
family
Atoms of this family have _____ valence electrons. This family includes a _____
_______ (________) metalloids, and ______________. The element _______________
is called the “basis of life”. There is an entire branch of chemistry devoted to carbon
compounds called ______________________ chemistry.
Atoms of this family have ___ valence electrons. Most elements in this family share
electrons when forming _____________________. Oxygen is the most
______________element in the earth’s crust. It is extremely active and combines with
almost all elements.
The elements in this family are ________________, chlorine, ___________, iodine and
_________________. Halogens have ___ valence electrons which explains why they are
Oxygen
family
Halogen
family
Noble gases
Rare earth
elements
Oxidation
numbers
What does
that mean?
the ____________ ___________ non-metals. They are never found free in nature.
Halogen atoms only need to gain 1 electron to fill outermost level. They react with
______________ __________ to form _______________.
Noble gases are ____________________ gases that are extremely _________________.
One important property of the __________ gases is their ____________________.
They are inactive because their ____________________ energy level is ______.
Because they do not readily combine with other elements to form ___________ the
noble gases are called ________.
The family of noble gases include ___________________,
______________,__________, krypton, xenon and ______________.
All the noble gases are found in small amounts in the earth’s atmosphere.
The _________________ rare earth elements are composed of the _______________
and _____________ series. One element of the lanthanide series and most elements in
the actinide series are called ___________-____________, which means
______________or ______-________.
Elements can gain or lose _________________ to become stable. They do this in the
valence shell. Certain families (A groups) are grouped according to this. This
determines ____________________________.
Let’s label them
Answer:
Answer:
If….
Why?
What is the
latest trend
in fashion?
Label the
trends
What is a
periodic
trend
Answer:
If the group loses _____ electron they are a _____
If the group gains ______ electron they are a _____
Make sense?
So explain +2 -2 +3 -3??????
To become ______________________ this is how ________________________ are
formed.
Answer:
Label your worksheet with the following trends
Atomic radii
Ionic radii
Electronegativity
Ionization energy
Periodic Law- If elements are organized according to ____________ _______________
their properties will ____________ ___________________.
4 trends
Atomic
Radius
Atomic ______
Ionic _______
___________________
____________________ energy
The atomic __________- basically tells you the size of the ______. It is _________ the
distance between _______ _______ of identical atoms ____________ together
Trend : atomic ______ ____________________ across a period.
Why?
Each time a positive proton is added to the nucleus, the _______________ electrons
feel a greater attraction to the _________________ charged ______________ and get
“pulled in” ______________
In your own words:
Atomic radii ___________________ down a groups because _______________ are
added to higher and ____________ energy levels as you go ____________
The _______________ the electrons from the _______________ the larger the atomic
radii because (in your own words)…………
Ionic Radii
Electronegativity
Is basically the size of an ______ or half the distance between the ___________ of two
________ bonded together.
What is an ion?
An __________ with a ________ (__or ___)
An ______ is formed when atoms ___________ or __________ electrons.
Review : I lose I am ________________________
A _________________ charged ion is called a _______________.
They are _________________ because :
A ________________ charged ion is called an __________. Negative ions (_________ )
are _______________ than the atoms they come from because they ________
electrons making the atom ___________________.
Trend:
Ionic radii decreases across the period for metals forming cations because they are
_____________ electrons and increase for _________________ forming anions because
they are adding electrons
___________________________________ is the ability of an atom to pull
__________________.
Who is the most motivated puller?
Answer:
The trend
Electronegativity __________________ across a period and ____________________
down a group. Who is the most electronegative on the table?
Answer:
That is right
________________________ is the most electronegative element. Why not Neon?
Answer:
Electronegativity
happens…
Because ___________ has _____ in valence shell so will not __________ any more.
Fluorine only needs 1 more so it pulls hard!
Why decrease down the group?
Answer:
Because
As the atoms get _________ there is ________ pull on the electrons from the
______________.
Graphing
activity
The end
Good Luck on your test!!!