Download The Late Middle Ages - Stout Middle School

What events helped lead to
the end of Feudalism and
the Middle Ages?
The Great (Western) Schism
A Church Divided
• A French archbishop is chosen as
Pope, Clement V
• The pope moves from Rome to the
city of Avignon in France (69 years)
A Church Divided
• 1378 A.D., Pope Urban VI chosen
A Church Divided
• 1378 A.D., Pope Urban VI chosen
• Nobody likes him, so another pope
is elected, Clement VII…
A Church Divided
• 1378 A.D., Pope Urban VI chosen
• Nobody likes him, so another pope
is elected, Clement VII…
• Now have two popes!
Italy & France
= The Great (Western) Schism
The Great (Western) Schism
• 1414 A.D. – it’s decided to pick a
new, single pope to replace the two
• Now there are 3 Popes!
• Finally, all three are forced to resign
and in 1417, Pope Martin V is
elected – Church is embarrassed
The Black Death
Before…
The Black Death
• A fatal disease that
spread across Europe.
• What caused it?
Handout
Description of the Medieval Black Death
Those infected felt themselves penetrated by a pain throughout their whole bodies and, so to
say, undermined. Then there developed on the thighs or upper arms a boil about the size of a lentil which
the people called "burn boil". This infected the whole body, and penetrated it so that the patient violently
vomited blood.
Then there developed gland boils on the groin, the thighs, the arms, or on the neck. At first
these were of the size of a hazel nut, and developed accompanied by violent shivering fits, which soon
rendered those attacked so weak that they could not stand up, but were forced to lie in their beds
consumed by violent fever. Soon the boils grew to the size of a walnut, then to that of a hen's egg or a
goose's egg, and they were exceedingly painful, and irritated the body, causing the sufferer to vomit blood.
The sickness lasted three days, and on the fourth, at the latest, the patient succumbed.
Michael Platiensis (1357)
Description of Modern Bubonic Plague
Bubonic plague symptoms appear suddenly, usually 2–5 days after exposure to the bacteria. Symptoms
include:
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Chills
General ill feeling
High fever
Muscle Cramps
Seizures
Smooth, painful lymph gland swelling called a bubo, commonly found in the groin, but may occur in
the armpits or neck, most often at the site of the initial infection (bite or scratch)
Pain may occur in the area before the swelling appears
Skin color changes to a pink hue in some extreme cases
Bleeding out of the ear will begin after 12 hours of infection
Other symptoms may include heavy breathing, continuous blood vomiting, aching limbs, coughing, and
extreme pain. The pain is usually caused by the decaying or decomposing of the skin while the person is
still alive. Additional symptoms include extreme fatigue, lenticulae (black dots scattered throughout the
body), delirium and coma.
The Black Death
• A fatal disease that
spread across Europe.
• The Bubonic Plague
The Black Death
• Where did it originate
from?
The Black Death
• Where did it come from?
Central Asia…
Entered Europe (1347 A.D.)
through Italy, then followed
trade routes…
The Black Death
• What carried it?
Fleas (on rats)…
The Black Death
• What did they believe
back then?
Caused by a noxious
form of "bad air“ or
“miasma”
?
“A Plague Doctor”
The staff was used to keep
infected people at a distance.
The doctors wore thick
coverings over their hands
and bodies. Their cloaks
were coated with wax on the
inside to help seal out the
disease. It seems to have
helped. Few doctors appear
to have gotten sick.
“Plague Doctors” stuffed their masks with herbs and
flowers to keep out the bad smells that many doctors
believed was causing the disease. The glass eye
coverings helped to seal out the smell. It is interesting
that though doctors of the time didn’t really know about
germs these techniques are not very different from
modern biological safety techniques.
The Black Death
• Through Europe by 1351
Effects of the Black Death
• 1/3 of Europeans died (25 million?)
Effects of the Black Death
• 1/3 of Europeans died (25 million?)
• This led to a breakdown in society and in
families.
• Parents abandoned kids, priests
abandoned followers.
• Those who died were rarely given
funerals or burials. They were just
dragged off and thrown into mass graves.
Effects of the Black Death
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Town populations fell
Trade declined
Prices rose
Serfs left the manor in search of
better wages…
Effects of the Black Death..
• Noble resist higher wages, causing
peasant revolts
• Jews blamed for bringing on the
plague
• Church lost prestige when prayers
failed to stop plague, and priests
abandoned duties
The Hundred Years’ War
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France vs. England
On and off from 1337 – 1453 A.D.
Fighting over French throne
Style of warfare changes
The Battle at Crecy 1346 A.D.
• France had 36,000 knights.
• England had 12,000 with 7,000 of
them being bowman.
• England won! (huh?!)
• The longbow makes knights in full
armor unnecessary.
Impact of the Hundred Years’ War
Page 403
-Feeling of nationalism emerged in England
and France – King a national leader, fighting
for the nation
- power and prestige of French monarch
increased
- English fell into War of the Roses, in which
two noble houses fought for the throne
* Hundred Years’ War marks the “end” of the
Middle Ages
Factors
• The Crusades helped by uniting the
knights against a common enemy.
• The Magna Carta limited the power of
kings.
• But the main factor in the end of
feudalism though was the Black Death.
Dang you
Magna Carta…
I used to be so
buff!
Job Specialization
• As with most medieval cultures, most
Europeans were farmers.
• As time went on though more and more
jobs were available.
• People could start making money and
no longer had to rely so heavily on the
feudal lords.