Download AP Stats Final Exam Study Sheet Semester 1

AP Stats: Semester 1 Final Exam Review Study Sheet
Ch. 1-5
Data – Categorical and Quantitative Variables
Bar Charts, Pie Charts
Frequency Tables, Relative Frequency Tables
Contingency Tables and Probability with tables
Histograms, Steam and Leaf, Dot plots
Describe the Distribution -- Shape, Center, Spread (BS and CUSS)
Median, Mean, IQR, Range, 5 Number Summary, Standard Deviation, Variance
Box Plots, Comparing Box Plots
Percentiles, Quartiles
Ch. 6
Z-Score
Multiplying, Adding constants to Data Sets, and Effects on Mean, Variance, etc.
Normal Curve and Empirical Rule (68-95-99.7 Rule)
Finding Normal Probability by Calculator of middle of curve or either tail - normalcdf
Finding z-scores for given areas under Normal Curve, by Calculator - invNorm
Ch.12
Samples, Census, Surveys, Bias, Sampling Frame, Representative Sample
Importance of Randomness
Population, sample; parameter, statistic
Types of Sampling: SRS, Stratified, Cluster, Systematic, Convenience
Sources of Bias: Nonresponse, Voluntary Response, Undercoverage, etc.
Ch. 13
Observational Study vs. Experiment
Experimental Unit, Treatment; Prospective, Retrospective Sample
Experiments: Control, Randomize, Replicate, Block, Blinding (single and double)
Statistically significant; Control group, treatment group, placebo
Lurking, Confounding Variables
Ch. 14
Definition of Probability
Law of Large Numbers
Finding probability using the Complement
Disjoint Events, Mutually Exclusive Events
Independent Events
Intersection, union of events – set notation
Ch. 15
Sample Space
Addition, Multiplication in Probability
Conditional Probability, Tree Diagram
Events are Independent when P(B given A) = P(B) or when P(A and B) = P(A)*P(B)
Judging Independence on a Contingency Table
Probability with and without replacement
Ch. 16
Finding Expected Value (Mean) and Standard Deviation of Probability Models
Means, Variance, Standard Deviation of Random Variables – sum, difference, etc.
Random Variables must be Independent to add mean or variance
Using the Normal Curve to find probabilities with Random Variables
Ch. 17
Requirements for an event to be Bernoulli Trials – using Binomial and Geometric
Binomial Probability; expected value (mean) and standard deviation
Using Normal to find Binomial Prob when np  10 and nq  10
Ch. 18
Sampling Distributions; mean and SD for proportions or for means (standard error)
Conditions to check before using a Sampling Distribution, for means or proportions
Central Limit Theorem (sampling distribution of means) and use with Normal Curves
Ch. 19
Confidence Intervals, Margin of Error for p̂ .
Conditions to check before finding the Confidence Interval or Margin of Error
Meaning and Interpretation of Confidence Intervals, Confidence levels
Confidence Level and Finding Critical Values for certain confidence levels
Finding the Necessary Sample Size for your desired margin of error, etc.
Relationships between Confidence Intervals, Sample Size, and Confidence Level
Ch. 20
Hypothesis tests of one proportion
Null and Alternate Hypotheses, P-value
Conditions to check before doing a Hypothesis Test for one proportion
Two sided and One-sided Tests
Ch. 21
Interpreting p-values correctly as conditional probability
Alpha Levels, Statistically Significant
Type I, Type II Errors, Alpha, Beta, Power of the Test
Reducing Type I and Type II Error