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COMMUNICATION
MODEL
The way we
Communicate
What is
Communication?
The process of sending
and reviewing messages
to share meanings.
Elements of the Model
Sender - Speaker
Receiver - Listener
Messages
Feedback
Encoding
Decoding
Interference
Two kinds of Messages
Non-Verbal
Verbal appearance
using words
gestures
volume
body
tone
movement
eye contact
spatial
relations
What is Feedback?
Reaction of the
receiver to the
sender’s
message.
Tells the sender
how to send
the next
message.
Encoding
How the sender
decides to send the
messages based on
PREDICTIONS or prior
knowledge about the
receiver
Decoding
Applying meaning
and understanding
the message that has
been sent
Interference
External
outside influences that affect
communication
noisy room; airplane overhead
Internal
inside influences that affect
communication
prejudices; anxiety; worry
Channels of Communication
Channels are the
senses you use in
communication
Hear
See
Touch
Purposes of Communication
General
Social
Contact
Self-Esteem
Gain & Share
knowledge
Specific
Exchange Info.
Exerting Control
Following Social
rules
Sharing Feelings
Verbal Communication
Uses words: symbols that
represent things but are not the
things themselves.
Why language changes: the
world is changing. New ideas
and inventions need words to
describe them.
Meanings of Words
Denotative Meaning---definition
found in the dictionary
Connotative Meaning--everyday meaning; emotional or
personal response to a word
Nonverbal Communication
Sending and Receiving
messages without the use
of words. Involves:
appearance, gestures,
posture, eye contact,
facial expressions, spatial
relations, and time.
Most communication is
NONVERBAL
7%
38%
55%
Facial
Expressions
Verbal
Expression
Vocal
Expression
Nonverbal Communication
Intentional
- using
nonverbal
techniques
to support
verbal
message(s)
Accidental nonverbal
messages sent
that the sender is
unaware of but
still communicate
a message. Can
contradict verbals
Communication Model
Listening
Accurate Receiving
Hearing vs. Listening
Hearing physical
ability to
pick up
sound
waves.
Listening 4 steps
hear
interpret
understa
nd
recall
Barriers to Listening
Internal Distractions
External Distractions
Personal Biases
Conflicting
Demands
Active Listening:
Stay Tuned In
Most people would
rather TALK than
LISTEN
We understand 450 words
per minute!
We speak only 120-180
words per minute.
How can we stay focused
during the “wasted” time?
Staying Tuned in: Active Listening
Read
nonverbals
Avoid
distractions
Staying Tuned In: Active Listening
Apply the
ideas to
yourself
Paraphrase
Know your
effect on
the sender