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Science 10 – Axial Tilt & Winds of the Earth Notes
The Four Seasons
 The axis of rotation of the earth is __________________.
 The sun’s rays that strike the Earth _______________ to the surface are not
always hitting the equator but migrates between ______________________.
 This point where the suns rays strike the Earth perpendicular to the surface
is called the ___________________________.
Winter or December Solstice
 Occurs on _________________________.
 In December, the Earth is tilted __________ from the sun which creates a
______________________ for incoming sunlight.
 The sub solar point is at the _______________________.
 The Arctic Circle is the area which experiences a 24 hour period of
__________________.
Vernal or March Equinox
 Occurs on _______________________________.
 At this time the ___________________________ passes through both
poles.
 The sub solar point is at the _______________________.
 All locations on Earth receive ___________________ of daylight and
____________________of darkness.
Summer or June Solstice
 Occurs on _______________________________.
 The sub solar point is at the _______________________.
 The area within the _____________receives 24 hrs of sunlight.
Autumnal or September Equinox
 Occurs on ______________________________.
 At this time the circle of illumination passes
_____________________________________.
 The ___________________________ is at the equator.
 All locations on Earth receive 12 hours of daylight and 12 hours of
darkness.
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Science 10 – Axial Tilt & Winds of the Earth Notes
Circles and Zones
The Tropics
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Approximately between ________________________.
Very warm climates.
Consistent day length.
Most regions have pronounced _____________________.
Temperate Climates
 Very wide variation in ______________________________.
 ____________________ can vary with latitude and season.
 Weather can be difficult to predict.
Polar Climates
 Cool average temperatures.
 Short____________________________________________.
 Day length varies from __________ of daylight to ________ of darkness.
Winds of the Earth
 The Earth is unevenly heated.
 The warmer equatorial air is ______________ so it moves aloft towards the
poles over the ______________ colder air.
 Cold polar air moves along the surface of the Earth towards the poles.
 This movement of air, north and south is due to __________.
The Hadley Cells, ITCZ, and the Subtropical Highs
 Approximately located around the _______________________________.
 The circulating air between the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)
and 300 north form the ______________________________.
 Warm air rises at the ITCZ and migrates northward.
 As this air moves north it _______________________. This air then falls
back to Earth at approximately 300 north latitude forming the
________________________________.
 This falling air _________ as it descends, and becomes very dry. Most of
the Earth’s major ______________ are located under the Subtropical Highs.
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Science 10 – Axial Tilt & Winds of the Earth Notes
 When this air reaches the surface it migrates _________________________
____________________________________________________________.
 This occurs on both sides of the ITCZ. The air that moves from the north
and the south collides at the ITCZ and the air is forced upwards. This is
why it is called the Inter Tropical Convergence Zone.
 This air ___________ as it rises and forms a band of clouds and
precipitation that encircles the globe.
 The ITCZ migrates north and south from the equator with the changing
seasons in the two hemispheres.
 The circulation of the Hadley Cells forms the ________________________
_______________________________________________.
 The region under the Subtropical Highs is known as the
_________________________________________.
The Polar Front
 Dense cold air from the poles moves towards the equator.
 This movement of air forms the ______________________.
 This cold dense air collides with warmer air forming the
____________________________________.
 The less dense warm air is ___________________the denser cold air. This
uplifting of air often causes ______________
______________________________________.
 The Polar Front migrates and undulates north and south depending upon the
__________________________ during specific seasons.
Mid-Latitude Circulation
 This is the temperate region between the ________________
________________________________________________.
 The warm air moving to the poles forms the ____________.
Coriolis Force
 The influence of the ____________________ on air or any object moving
on or above the Earth’s surface.
 This phenomenon causes winds to generally blow from ________________
____________________________in Canada.
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Science 10 – Axial Tilt & Winds of the Earth Notes
 These winds are called _____________________________.
 Causes winds to be deflected to the _______ in the Northern Hemisphere
and to the _______ in the Southern Hemisphere.
Jet Streams
 Jet Streams are ________________________________ near the top of the
troposphere.
 They are caused by contact between ___________________.
 Jet Streams are found at the boundaries between the _______
_____________ zones and the ___________________zones.
 The Polar Jet Stream affects Canada’s weather.
 The Polar Jet Stream shows the approximate location of the Polar Front.
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