Download Chapter 12 Infectious Diseases

Chapter 12 Infectious Diseases
Lesson 12.1 Key Concepts Review
Multiple Choice
1. C
2. A
3. B
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. B
Matching
11. C
12. A
13. D
14. B
Lesson 12.1 Signs and Symptoms
Signs
Symptoms
1.
fever (temperature of 101°F)
headache, chills, sore throat
2.
nasal and sinus congestion, sneezing, coughing sneezing, coughing
(Note: Sneezing and coughing are considered to be
signs when they are observed.)
3.
pale skin
feeling cold, clammy, nauseous
4.
bleeding; red, inflamed skin
mild pain
5.
extreme weight loss (if measured previously by
a healthcare provider; otherwise, a symptom)
extreme thirst, frequent urination
6.
inability to raise arm
popping sound, sharp pain
Lesson 12.1 Autobiography of a Pathogen
Answers may vary.
Lesson 12.2 Finding Reliable Health Information
Answers may vary.
30 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Lesson 12.3 Key Term Scramble
Term
Definition
antibody
a chemical that is capable of binding to a pathogen or part of a pathogen
vaccine
a dead or nontoxic part of a pathogen that is injected into a person to train his or her
immune system to eliminate the live pathogen
cilia
fine, short, hair-like appendages in the respiratory tract that move mucus up and away
from the lungs
fever
a rise in the body’s temperature, which stimulates white blood cell production and blocks
pathogen reproduction
mucus
a thick, watery substance that shields the body from pathogens
inflammation
a response to infection or injury, which prepares the body to control and remove
pathogens; characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain
phagocyte
white blood cell that engulfs and destroys microorganisms
Chapter 12 Scientific and Medical Terms
Term
1. antibiotic
2. endemic
3. epidemic
4. immunity
5. microorganism
6. pandemic
Word Parts
Meanings
Definition
anti-
against
bi/o
life
-tic
pertaining to
pertaining to (being) against
life
(An antibiotic is a substance
that fights “against life”—
specifically, against bacterial
microorganisms.)
en-
within
dem/o
people
-ic
pertaining to
epi-
above; upon
dem/o
people
-ic
pertaining to
immun/o
safe; protection
-ity
quality, state, or
degree
micro-
small
organ/o
organ
-ism
condition
pan-
all
dem/o
people
-ic
pertaining to
Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. pertaining to (affecting) within
people (being confined to a
small number of people)
pertaining to (affecting) upon or
above people (encompassing
an above-normal number of
people)
the quality, state, or degree of
(being) safe or protected
condition of (being a) small
organ
pertaining to (affecting) all
people
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Term
7. parasite
8. pathogen
9. phagocyte
10. pneumonia
11. protozoa
12. zoonosis
Word Parts
Meanings
Definition
para-
near; beside;
alongside
sit/o
food
(being) near or alongside food
A parasite is situated “near”
its host, and it feeds upon and
gains nourishment from the
host.
path/o
disease
-gen
substance that
produces
phag/o
eat; swallow; engulf
-cyte
cell
pneumon/o
lung
-ia
state; condition
prot/o
first
zo/o
animal life
-a
plural suffix
zo/o
animal life
-(n)osis
abnormal condition
a substance that produces
disease
a cell that eats, swallows, or
engulfs (a pathogen such as a
bacterium or virus)
state or condition of the lung
Pneumonia affects the lungs.
first animals
Protozoa play a vital role in
maintaining the balance of
microbial life, and they are the
basis of many food chains.
abnormal condition of animal
life
Zoonosis is a disease
transmitted from animals to
humans.
Chapter 12 Reading Practice
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. D
5. C
6. B
7. D
Chapter 12 Practice Test
Completion
1. microorganisms, pathogens
2. pathogens
3. communicable diseases
4. noncommunicable
5. Signs
6. Symptoms
True/False
7. F
8. F
9. T
10. T
11. F
12. T
32 Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
13. F
14. T
15. T
Multiple Choice
16. D
17. B
18. C
19. A
20. D
Matching
21. F
22. A
23. M
24. G
25. D
26. I
27. K
28. B
29. L
30. J
31. C
32. H
33. E
Short Answer
34. Answers may vary. The internal and external body surfaces are always in contact with
microorganisms that could include pathogens. The body’s outermost skin is composed of many
layers of scaly, overlapping cells that form a nearly impenetrable physical barrier to pathogens. The
skin is also dry. Microorganisms thrive in moist environments and will not grow on skin where little
water is available. Sweat secreted onto the skin contains salt, which blocks the growth of bacteria
by dehydrating them. Skin oils make the body’s outer surface acidic, which knocks out bacterial
metabolism, keeping bacterial growth under control.
35. Answers may vary. A vaccine contains either a dead pathogen or a nontoxic component of a
pathogen, such as part of a bacterial cell wall or the coating of a virus. When injected into a person,
the vaccine provokes an immune response. The injected person’s body produces white blood cells,
proteins, and chemicals that fight infections. Examples of vaccines include MMR, which prevents
measles, mumps, and rubella; chickenpox; polio; hepatitis B; hemophilus; DTP (diphtheria); tetanus;
and pertussis (whooping cough).
37. Answers may vary. Direct transmission is the exchange of infectious material from its origin to a
susceptible individual. This transmission can occur through direct contact or by droplet spread. In
direct contact, microorganisms are passed during physical intimacy or contact. In droplet spread,
contaminated droplets are inhaled or swallowed and cause illness. Indirect transmission is the
exchange of infectious material to a susceptible person by a source that acts solely as a carrier.
Infectious diseases may be spread by animals or vectors; contaminated sources or objects such as a
water or food supply, hypodermic needles, or blood; and dust particles or droplets much smaller
than those involved in direct transmission.
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