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World History
Rise of Austria, Prussia, & Russia
Mrs. Levy, esq.
Key Questions for Section IV
•What happened during the 30 Years War?
•What were the causes and results of the 30 Years War?
•How did Austria and ____________ emerge as great powers?
•How did European diplomats try to maintain the balance of power?
Setting the Scene:
•Year after year, war ravaged the German states of central Europe.
•Bodies of ____________ littered fields and roads. As the Thirty Years' War dragged on,
almost every European power was sucked into the conflict.
• "We have had blue coats and red coats and now come the yellow coats," cried the
citizens of one __________town.
•“G-d have pity on us!“
•Finally, two great _______-speaking powers, Austria and Prussia, rose out of the ashes.
•Like Louis XIV in ___________, their rulers perfected skills as ________monarchs.
A. The Thirty Years' War
1618 - a local religious and political conflict began when King Ferdinand of ______tried
to suppress Protestants and local nobles
1619 – When Ferdinand became Holy __________emperor, Protestant and Catholic
powers send troops to fight in _____________
The war was costly - 1/3rd of the people in the __________ states died because of it
16__ - the Peace of _________ ended the war; France gained territory while the
Hapsburgs were the biggest losers
B. Hapsburg Austria
The Hapsburgs ruled a large empire of diverse peoples that were difficult to unite
Emperor Charles VI’s only heir was Maria____________, the first woman to rule
Hapsburg lands in her own name
Many rulers ignored their pledge to recognize Maria’s right to succeed Charles, leading
to the 8-year War of the ____________ Succession
1740 - Frederick II of Prussia seized Silesia. Maria Theresa appealed to ____________
for help and was able to preserve her empire
C. The Rise of Prussia
Prussia emerged as a Protestant power after the Peace of Westphalia, when the
_______________ rulers united their lands
Prussian rulers like Frederick ______________ forged one of the best-trained armies in
Europe and trained his son Frederick II in the art of _______
Frederick’s wars proved Prussia as great a ___________ power and earned him the name
Frederick the ____________
D. Keeping the Balance of Power
The great powers (Austria, Prussia, France, England, and Russia) formed various
____________ to maintain the balance of power in Europe
The Thirty Years’ War
•Rival German princes held _______________ power than the emperor.
•Religion divided the Protestant north and the ___________ south and created a power
vacuum.
Austria and Prussia Emerge
Two great empires, Austria and Prussia, rose out of the ashes of the ________ Years
War.
Austria
The Hapsburgs kept the title of
__________ Roman emperors and
expanded their lands.
Prussia
The Hohenzollern family _________ their
lands by taking over the states between
them.
Hapsburg monarchs worked hard to
________the empire, which included
peoples from many backgrounds and
cultures.
Hohenzollern kings set up an efficient
central ____________ and reduced the
independence of nobles.
Maria Theresa won __________ support
and strengthened Hapsburg power by
reorganizing the bureaucracy and
improving _____ collection.
Frederick William I created one of the best
armies in Europe.
Frederick II used the army to strengthen
Prussia.
E. Maintaining the Balance of Power
•By 1750, the great powers of Europe included Austria, Prussia, ____________,
England, and Russia.
•These powers formed various _______________ to maintain the balance of power.
•Though nations sometimes switched partners, two ____________- persisted.
•Prussia battled __________ for control of the German states.
•_____________ and France competed for overseas empire.
Review Questions & Answers
•A major cause of the Thirty Years’ War was:
a) conflict between Germany and Russia.
b) conflict between Protestants and Catholics within the Holy Roman Empire.
c) conflict between Catholics and Jews within the Holy Roman Empire.
d) conflict between Germany and England.
•Which European powers were major rivals by 1750?
a) Spain and England
b) Prussia and Austria
c) France and Russia
d) The Netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire
V. Absolute Monarchy in Russia
•In the early 1600s, Russia was still a ________________ state, untouched by the
Renaissance and Reformation and largely _______________ from Western Europe.
•The "Time of Troubles" had plunged the state into a period of __________ and foreign
invasions.
•The reign of the first ______________ czar in 1613 restored a measure of order.
•Not until 1682, however, did a czar emerge who was strong enough to regain the
__________ power of earlier czars.
•Peter the Great pushed Russia on the road to becoming a great modern power.
Key Questions
•How did Peter the Great try to make Russia into a modern state?
•What steps did Peter take to expand Russia’s borders?
•How did Catherine the Great strengthen Russia?
A. Peter the Great
1689 - Peter took control of Russia and became the most _____________ of Europe's
absolute monarchs
1697 - Peter studied _____________ technology in Europe and brought technical experts,
teachers, and soldiers back to Russia
He embarked on a policy of ________________ adopting western ideas, technology, and
culture – and simplified the Russian ______________
Peter’s goals were to strengthen the _________________, expand Russian borders, and
centralize royal power
B. Expansion Under Peter
Peter needed an _____________________ port to increase trade, but failed to gain one
after battling the __________________
1709 – With the largest army in Europe, Peter defeated the Swedes and won land along
the _____________ Sea
On this land Peter built a new modern capital, ___________________, to open a
“window on the West”
Vitus Bering explored the strait between Siberia and ________________, and Russian
pioneers moved as far south as California
C. Catherine the Great
Peter died without naming a successor, setting off power struggles among the Romanovs
1762 - mentally unstable Czar Peter III was ___________ by a group of army officers;
his wife Catherine ascended to the throne
Catherine reorganized the government, _____________ laws, and began state-sponsored
education for boys and girls
Catherine was a ruthless absolute monarch. Conditions grew worse for peasants forced
into serfdom
Catherine gained a warm-water port on the ___________________ after a war with the
Ottoman empire
Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and Emperor Joseph II of Austria agreed to
partition _____________ in the 1770s
Review Questions & Answers
Peter the Great was unable to
a) defeat Sweden and win lands along the Baltic Sea.
b) obtain a warm-water port for Russia.
c) build his new capital city.
d) obtain lands north of Manchuria.
During her reign, Catherine the Great
a) granted economic rights to peasants in Russia.
b) granted political rights to peasants in Russia.
c) came to the aid of peasants who were rebelling against the boyars.
d) allowed the boyars to increase their control of the peasants.
Looking Ahead:
By the mid-1700s, absolute monarchs ruled four of the five leading powers in Europe.
Britain, with its strong Parliament, was the only _______________.
As these five nations competed with one another, they often ended up ____________ to
maintain the balance of power.
At the same time, new ideas were in the air. Radical changes would soon shatter the
French monarchy, upset the ________________of power, and revolutionize European
societies.
In the next unit, you will read about how the Enlightenment, the French Revolution, the
rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, and the Industrial Revolution would transform Europe.