Download Body Systems - Phoenix Union High School District

Topic: Body Systems
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Homeostasis: the process by
which the body attempts to
maintain a state of stable
physiological (physical)
balance.
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How do we maintain a stable
physical balance?
By making sure our body is
carrying out all the needed
functions in a consistent and
healthy way.
What functions does the
human body need to be
able to do to stay alive and
health?
Grow
Get energy
Get rid of waste
Keep away diseases
Respond to the changing environment
Reproduce
Repair injuries
Absorb or break down things
Eleven Body Systems work together to
maintain homeostasis and carry out those
tasks:
1. Nervous System
2. Endocrine System
3. Lymphatic System
4. Circulatory System
5. Respiratory System
6. Digestive System
7. Excretory
8. Skeletal System
9. Muscular System
10. Integumentary System
11. Reproductive System
System
Function
Structures (3)
Fact (1)
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1. Nervous System
Functions: A network
of nerves and cells that
carry messages to and
from the brain and spinal
cord to various parts of
the body.
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Facts about the Nervous System…
• Has two parts: central nervous system
(CNS) and peripheral nervous system
(PNS).
• The left side of human brain controls the
right side of the body and the right side of
the brain controls the left side of the body.
• The Nervous System can transmit impulses
as fast as 100 meters per second.
2. Endocrine System
Functions: Glands that
produce hormones that
regulate metabolism,
growth and development,
tissue function, sexual
function, reproduction,
sleep and mood
Hormone Examples and Functions…
• Growth hormone: promotes growth in children
and for adults it helps to maintain healthy muscles
and bones.
• Luteinizing hormone: In women, this hormone
regulates estrogen. In men, it regulates
testosterone.
• Thyroid-stimulating hormone: Just as the name
implies, this hormone helps to regulate the body's
thyroid, which is crucial in maintaining a healthy
metabolism.
3. Lymphatic System
Function: Helps keep
bodies fluid levels in
balance and defends the
body against infections.
Facts about the Lymphatic System…
• Lymphatic vessels carry lymph (a clear,
watery fluid containing protein molecules,
salts, glucose, urea, and other substances)
throughout the body.
• lymph nodes (small masses of tissue
located along the network of lymph vessels)
house lymphocytes (a type of white blood
cell)
• Helps defend the body against germs like
viruses, bacteria, and fungi that can cause
illnesses
4. Circulatory System
Functions: Network
of organs and vessels
that is responsible for
the flow of blood,
nutrients, hormones,
oxygen and other
gases throughout the
body
Circulatory System Facts…
• The Circulatory System is also known as the
Cardiovascular System and Cardiorespiratory
System
• Arteries carry oxygenated blood (bright red)
away from the heart to parts of the body while
veins carry deoxygenated blood (dark red) back
to the heart.
• Due to the heart having its own electrical
impulse, it will continue to beat even when
removed from the body as long as it has an
enough oxygen.
5. Respiratory System
Functions: A series
of organs responsible
for taking in oxygen,
delivering it to the
blood stream and
expelling carbon
dioxide.
Respiratory System Facts…
• Each of your lungs contains about 300 million
balloon-like structures called alveoli, which
replace the carbon-dioxide waste in
your blood with oxygen.
• Yawning is a result of your body not taking in
enough oxygen from the air, which causes a
shortage of oxygen in our bodies.
• When we swallow, a flap of tissue (epiglottis)
moves downwards to cover the trachea which
prevents swallowed materials from entering
the lungs.
System
Function
Structures (3)
Fact (1)
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6. Digestive System
Function: A group of
organs that work
together to convert food
into energy and basic
nutrients to feed the
entire body as well as
get rid of solid waste.
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Digestive System Facts…
• Food can travel to your stomach in 7 seconds
but the signal that tells your brain you are full
will normally take about 20 minutes.
• The small intestine is about 20 feet long and
1 inch in diameter. Your large intestine is 5
feet long and 3 inches in diameter.
• The liver has over 500 different functions,
one of which is producing bile to break down
digestive fats
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7. Excretory/Urinary System
Functions: Removes
waste from the human body
that comes from your
metabolism, cells and blood
as well as helps control
fluid balance.
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Excretory System Facts…
• It takes about 45 minutes for your kidneys
to completely filter all of the blood in your
body.
• Most humans will urinate about 3,000 times
per year if given a regular lifestyle
• The bladder can hold up to 24 ounces of
fluid, or enough to fill up two standard cans
of soda
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8. Skeletal System
Functions: This system
supports the body,
protects internal organs,
assists with movement,
stores minerals and
provides a site for blood
formation.
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Skeletal System Facts…
• There are about 305 bones in a new born babies
body but in an adult body there are 205.
• The majority of human bones have a strong
outer layer, followed by a spongy/soft middle
layer (bone marrow) where blood cells are
produced.
• The smallest bones in the body is found in the
middle of the ear (stapes) while the longest bone
is found in the leg (femur)
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9. Muscular System
Function: It allows
for body movement,
maintains posture,
circulates blood and
helps move food
through the digestive
system.
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Muscular System Facts…
• There are 3 types of muscle tissues: cardiac
(surround the heart), smooth (involuntary;
surround organs), skeletal (voluntary; attach
to skeleton)
• There are around 650 muscles in the human
body
• Frowning is made possible by the working of
42 muscles, whereas smiling involves the
contribution of 17 muscles.
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10. Integumentary System (Skin)
Functions: Consist of
skin, hair, nails, glands,
and nerves that function
as a barrier to protect the
body from the outside
world, retain body fluids,
protect against disease,
eliminate waste products,
and regulate body
temperature.
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Integumentary System Facts…
• Skin is the body's largest organ.
• Humans lose between 30,000 and 40,000
skin cells every hour.
• Melanin is pigment, which absorbs
ultraviolet rays and determines skin color.
The more melanin you have, the darker
your skin is.
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11. Reproductive System:
Function: In women,
the organs that are
directly involved in
producing eggs and in
conceiving and carrying
babies; in men, the
organs directly involved
in creating, storing, and
delivering sperm to
fertilize an egg.
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Reproductive System Facts…
• Out of billions of sperm cells found in semen,
only one is used for fertilizing the female’s
egg.
• Unlike men’s sperm, which are produced
daily throughout a lifetime, woman are born
with only one to two million immature eggs.
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